Tissue Derived Studying Biomaterials S Cultures Short Term Nontoxic

意群训练： Even the requiremen t that biomaterial s processed fro m these materials be nontoxic t o host tissu e can be me t by technique s derived from studying the reactions o f tissue culture s to biomaterials o r from short-term implants .

标志： Even the requirement ［that biomaterials (processed from these materials) should be nontoxic to host tissue ］can be met /by techniques［derived from studying the reactions (of tissue cultures to biomaterials) or derived from studying short-term implants］/.

译文： 即使是这样的要求 ，［即 （从这些材料中加工出来的）生物材料 应该 对受移植者的组织无害 ］，也能够 /通过［从 研究（组织培养对 生物材料的 ）反应而来的，或从 研究短期移植 而来的 ］技术/来满足 。

解释： 主语the requirement后面带着一个长长的修饰主语的同位语；由于requirement的同位语中要求使用虚拟语气，所以其中的系动词成了原型（should be省略了should）。如此之长的修饰成分过后，谓语can be met与主语的关系已经很难理清了。从by开始的状语的结构更为复杂：修饰techniques的后置的定语［derived from studying the reaction s (of tissue cultures to biomaterials or derived from studying short-term implants)］实际上是由or 所连接的两个derive from；但是这两个derive from又都极其难懂：第一个derive from中还套了另外一个固定搭配the reaction s (of tissue cultures to biomaterials)；第二个derive from则干脆把derive给省略了。此外，上本句的专有名词奇多，这使得阅读的难度非常高。