View Child Labor Childhood Spread Reformers Introduced Regulations Compulsory

意群训练： Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800's ，this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late-nineteent h and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child's emotional value made child labor taboo .

标志： /Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800's,/ this new view of childhood spread /throughout society/ /in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries/ /as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws ［predicated /in part on the assumption (that a child's emotional value made child-labor taboo )］/.

译文： /已经牢牢地在18世纪的中期在中产阶级和上流社会中确立，/这个新观点 /在19世纪末和20世纪初/传遍了 /整个社会/；/当时 改革者们 引入了童工法和义务教育法 ，［其出现/是部分地基于这样一个前提，（那就是 孩子的感情价值 使得童工被禁止 ）］/。

解释： 本句与上一句一样，也是用最小的篇幅传递了最多的信息。句子的主干就是this new view of childhood spread ，但是作者通过其前和其后的四个状语，全面地概括了新观点（this new view ）的产生和发展的整个社会背景。

需要重点解释一下的是最后的这个由as引导的状语从句：/as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws ［predicated /in part on the assumption (that a child's emotional value made child labor taboo )］/。在此从句中修饰作为从句宾语的两种法律的从predicated /in part...开始直到句末的分词结构， 都用作两种法的定语。predicate A on/upon B这一搭配的意思是“以B作为A的基础”或“依据B提出A”。