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Consensus Conflicts Repressed Order Reach Understanding Overcome Achievement

en Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.
category gre
idx 096
parts

意群训练: Yet thos e who stres s the achievement o f a general consensus among the colonist s cannot fully understan d that consensus without understandin g the conflicts tha t had to be overcom e or repressed in order to reach it .

mark

标志:Yet those (who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists ) cannot fully understand that consensus /without understanding the conflicts (that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it)/.

cn

译文: 然而 那些 强调殖民者之间达成的那一个普遍共识的成就 的) ,/如果他们不理解(那些必须被克服或被压制才可能形成共识的)矛盾的话/,那么他们 就不能完全了解那个共识的意义

explain

解释: 本句同样不算长,但是难度却超乎寻常。而且本句在文章中是最后一句,文章的作者用本句话给出了他对文章中心论题的最后态度,不可谓不重要。据笔者观察,能够现场读懂这句话的读者绝不会超过20%。

本句之所以难,是因为三个原因。第一,句子中的复杂修饰带给读者思维上的困难。第二,本句without引导的条件状语的表述不符合读者大脑中的语言及思维习惯。without引导的介词结构作条件状语,在中文里面一定要像笔者上面给出的翻译一样,要放在其推出的结论的前面,相当于:如果不……则……;而在英文中,它既可以放在前面,也可以放在后面,而且以出现在后面的情况居多。这就造成了中国读者的思维上的不习惯。不但如此,without之后的表达也让人看得不舒服。我们习惯的表达是:without understanding that the conflicts had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it。而句中把the conflicts和that调换了一下,变成了without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it,从语法上可通,但在句义上看起来别扭:作者为什么不用看起来更通顺的前一种说法呢?这是因为两者的意思上存在细微的差别。前者强调的是要去理解泛指的矛盾被克服这件事;而后者强调的是要去正确理解特指的需要被克服的 那些 矛盾。因为文章前面把矛盾分为两种,阶级斗争和地域斗争。作者认为阶级斗争是被克服和被压制住的矛盾,而地域斗争存在。作者用这句话指出,阶级斗争的被克服才是理解整个抗英斗争的关键。

另外,句中的consensus和最后的it都是指殖民者的一致抗英的共识。

本句给读者造成的最大困难还在于它的双重否定:如果不理解那些必须被克服的矛盾,就不能理解这些共识,其意思就是只有理解了那些必须被克服的矛盾,才有可能理解这些共识。请读者反复阅读,以熟练掌握这种对于多重否定的思维转换。

type 复杂修饰+双重否定
score 5

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