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Imagine Change Reform Extension Metaphor Wider Inclusion Piece

en “Reform” in America has been sterile because it can imagine no change except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, “a piece of the action,” as it were, for the disenfranchised.
category gmat
idx 004
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意群训练: “Reform” in Americ a has been steril e because it can imagin e no change except throug h the extension o f this metaphor of a racewider inclusion of competitors ,“a piece of the action ,” as it werefor the disenfranchised .

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标志:Reform ” (in America) has been sterile because it can imagine no change /except through the extension of this metaphor of a race/,/except through wider inclusion of competitors/,/except through providing “a piece of the action,” as it were, for the disenfranchised./

cn

译文: (在美国的)所谓的改革 是无效的因为 这种改革 不能构想出任何变化 ,/除了通过扩展这个比喻中的竞赛的范围/,/除了通过 更广泛地包括竞争者/、/通过 给这些没有发言权的人提供 一个类似于“参加进来的机会”/。

tips 请思考:如果这一句是接着上面所列的那个难句说下来的,那么本句中的“reform”和“change”指的是什么 ?
explain

解释: 句子看起来不难,但是在文章中本句的含义极难读懂,是本文的核心难点。这种情况在阅读中极为常见,即如果读者的词汇功底不过关,及时读懂了字面含义,也无法理解句子的真正意图。因此,同学们应该按照笔者后面附录中所讲的“阅读抽象词提速法”对自己的词汇能力做系统的训练,以期为自己的阅读能力打下一个坚实的基础。

首先,本句中所指的reform和change都是指上一句中后面的四个列举,而后面所说的disenfranchised就是指上一个难句中的nonstarters。本句是接着上一个难句,在说上个句子的结果:刚才说nonstarters在竞争中处处被动,因此希望有所变化,稳定下来、重新站位、重新开始;这句说的是这种理想与美国的实际情况的强烈反差:it can imagine no change等于it can not imagine any change,如果再加上except through就成了一个双重否定,等于在说The only change the “Reform” can imagine is through……,实际上美国惟一的变化就是把更多的nonstarter、disenfranchised这些希望停下来的人卷入他们本来就不占优势的竞争中去,结果对他们而言只能是更为悲惨。这里我们就可以体会为什么作者会在reform上面加上一个引号:作者是想表示反语和讽刺,因为不但没有改革,反而是加剧了普遍人民群众的苦难。

本句后面的几个排比中都省略了与前面一样的except through。句末的as it were,是仿佛、好像的意思。

type 复杂修饰+插入语+省略+双重否定
score 5

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