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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary grade
ETYMOLOGY Latin gradus step, degree, from Latin gradi to step, go; akin to Lithuanian gridyti to go, wander DATE 1526 1. a. (1) a position in a scale of ranks or qualities (2) a stage in a process b. a degree of severity in illness grade III carcinoma c. a class organized for the work of a particular year of a school course d. a military or naval rank 2. a. a class of things of the same stage or degree b. a mark indicating a degree of accomplishment in school c. a standard of food quality 3. a. the degree of inclination of a road or slope; also : a sloping road b. a datum or reference level; especially : ground level 4. a domestic animal with one parent purebred and the other of inferior breeding 5. plural : the elementary school system
verb (grad·ed ; grad·ing) DATE 1659 transitive verb 1. a. to arrange in grades : sort b. to arrange in a scale or series c. to assign to a grade or assign a grade to 2. to level off to a smooth horizontal or sloping surface intransitive verb 1. a. to form a series b. blend 2. to be of a particular grade
adjective DATE 1852 : being, involving, or yielding domestic animals of improved but not pure stock grade ewes grade breeding English Etymology grade grade (n.) 1511, from Fr. grade "grade, degree," from L. gradus"step, degree," replacing M.E. gree "step, degree in a series," from O.Fr . grei "step," from L. gradus, related to gradi "to walk, step, go," from PIE *ghredh- (cf. Lith. gridiju "to go, wander," O.C.S.gredo "to come," http://O.Fr O.Ir . in-greinn "he pursues," and second element in congress, progress, etc.). The verb is 1659, from the noun. Railway sense is from 1835. Meaning "division of a school curriculum equivalent to one year" is from 1835; that of "letter-mark indicating assessment of a student's work" is from 1886.http://O.Ir Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7 ☞ grade grade / ^reid / noun1. the quality of a particular product or material (产品、材料的)等级,品级: All the materials used were of the highest grade. 使用的材料全是优质品。 2. a level of ability or rank that sb has in an organization (官衔的)级别；职别: salary grades (= levels of pay) 工资级别 She's still only on a secretarial grade. 她的职别仍然是秘书。 3. a mark given in an exam or for a piece of school work 成绩等级；评分等级: (BrE) She got good grades in her exams. 她考试成绩优良。 (NAmE) She got good grades on her exams. 她考试成绩优良。 70% of pupils got Grade C or above. 70% 的小学生成绩都在 C 级或 C 级以上。 4. (in the US school system) six of the levels in a school with children of similar age (美国学制)年级: Sam is in (the) second grade. 萨姆读二年级。 5. (technical 术语) how serious an illness is (疾病的)程度,阶段: low / high grade fever 低/高烧 6. (especially NAmE) = gradient (1) 7. (BrE) a level of exam in musical skill (音乐考试的)级别,水平 IDIOMS ▪ make the 'grade (informal) to reach the necessary standard; to succeed 达到必要标准；符合要求；成功: About 10% of trainees fail to make the grade. 接受培训的人大约有 10% 未达标。 verb1. ~ sth / sb (by / according to sth) | ~ sth (as sth) [often passive] to arrange people or things in groups according to their ability, quality, size, etc. (按能力、质量、大小等)分级,分等,分类: ▪ [VN] The containers are graded according to size. 这些容器按大小分类。 Eggs are graded from small to extra large. 鸡蛋从小号到特大号分成不同等级。 Responses were graded from 1 (very satisfied) to 5 (not at all satisfied). 回答按 1 (非常满意)到 5 (完全不满意)分类。 ▪ [VN-ADJ] Ten beaches were graded as acceptable. 有十个沙滩属于可接受的那一类。 2. (especially NAmE) to give a mark / grade to a student or to a piece of their written work 给…评分；给…分数: ▪ [VN] I spent all weekend grading papers. 我整个周末都在评阅试卷。 ▪ [VN-N] The best students are graded A. 最优秀的学生评为甲等。 ⇨ compare mark v. (6) Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English grade verb ADV. carefully a series of modern stories carefully graded for beginner to intermediate students PREP. according to The timber is graded according to its thickness. | by The containers are graded by size. | from … to … Eggs are graded from small to extra large. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus-11th Edition n. Function: verb Synonyms: CLASS 2, classify, evaluate, rank, rate Related Words: arrange, order; assort, sort n. Function: noun 1 Synonyms: DEGREE 1, notch, rung, stage, step 2 Synonyms: ESTATE 2, rank 3 Synonyms: CLASS 1, category, group, grouping, league, pigeonhole, tier 4 Synonyms: QUALITY 3, caliber, class 5 Synonyms: SLOPE , gradient, inclination, incline, lean, leaning, slant, tiltWebster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged grade I. \ˈgrād\ noun (-s) Etymology: partly from Latin gradus step, degree; partly from French grade, from Latin gradus; akin to Latin gradi to step, go, Old Irish in-grenn- to pursue, Lithuanian gridyti to go, wander, and perhaps to Gothic grid (accusative) step 1. a. : a stage in a process < passing through the grades of growing up > < the highest grade of development of the brain > b. : a position or level in a course of advancement or decline or in a scale of ranks, qualities, or orders < the country gentlemen were of many different grades of wealth and culture — G.M.Trevelyan > < a school of collegiate grade — Seton Hall University Bulletin > as (1) : one of the successive levels of a usually elementary or secondary school course that usually represents a year's work (2) : a military or naval rank < a naval officer with the grade of lieutenant commander > c. : a degree especially of force or value < the varying grades of success with which a poem attains its end — Samuel Alexander > as (1) : a degree of strength of an abrasive bond (2) : a relative value or content of an ore or mineral < high-grade and low-grade ore > (3) : a degree of severity in illness < the patient had a carcinoma of grade III > (4) : a degree of plant food content in fertilizer expressed in percentages of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash (5) : a degree of purity or concentration (as of a chemical) 2. a. : a class constituted by things that are at the same stage or have the same relative position, level, rank, or degree < the nobles were a higher grade of agriculturalists — John MacNeill > < guilty of a very low grade of crime > especially : a body of elementary school pupils at any one established level of advancement < the fourth grade was allowed to leave school early > b. : a mark indicating a particular grade (as of a student's accomplishment in general or of a particular piece of work) < always got high grades in school > < merited a grade of B on his composition > c. : a standard of quality applied to foods < prime-grade beef > < first-grade potatoes > d. : a standard of quality established as acceptable < threw out all lumber that was below grade > 3. a. : a rate of ascent or descent (as of a railroad, highway, conduit, or ground surface) : gradient < a heavy grade > : deviation from a level surface to an inclined plane stated as so many feet per mile < a grade of 20 feet per mile > or as one foot rise or fall in so many feet of horizontal distance < a grade of 1 in 264 > or as so much in a hundred feet or as a percentage of horizontal distance < a 10 percent grade is one of 10 feet to 100 > b. : a graded ascending, descending, or level portion (as of a road, a railroad, or an embankment) c. : level or elevation especially of a land or water surface: as (1) : a datum or reference level (2) : the contemplated level of the ground when the work of erecting a building is completed : ground level < the underpinning of the tower was above grade > (3) : elevation 1c4. [translation of German stufe] : any one of the phases of a root or of an affix that appear in an ablaut series and that are characterized by having different vowels : the characteristic vowel of such a phase 5. : a domestic animal one of whose parents is purebred and the other either a scrub or an animal containing a considerable proportion of the blood of the same breed as the purebred parent 6. grades plural : elementary school — used with the < taught in the grades for 10 years > 7. : one of a series of patterns for clothing 8. : one of the three forms of braille ranging from the fully spelled to the highly contracted • - at grade - make the grade - over grade - under grade II. verb (-ed/-ing/-s) transitive verb 1. : to arrange in grades : divide into classes : class , sort : as a. : to assign to a grade or assign a grade to < grade pupils according to their reading ability > < grade lumber by its resistance to rot > < spent an evening grading papers the class had turned in > b. : to classify (a food) according to quality, size, purity, or other appropriate standard c. : to arrange in an increasing or decreasing graduated and usually proportional order (as of value, weight, intensity, difficulty) : graduate < purchased only graded reading material for use in the elementary grades > < necessary to grade the weight of the hammers to correspond with the thickness of the strings — A.E.Wier > < a graded inheritance tax > < good works to be done in satisfaction for sins and graded according to the seriousness of the offense — K.S.Latourette > 2. : to unite by evenly modulated or slight gradations : blend one shade of (as light or color) into another 3. : to reduce (as the line of a canal or roadbed) to an even grade whether on the level or in a progressive ascent or descent < offered to grade the remaining 26 miles of unfinished roadbed — American Guide Series: Texas > 4. : to alter (a vowel) by ablaut or vowel gradation — used chiefly in the passive 5. : to improve (as native stock) by breeding the females to purebred males — often used with up 6. : to make (a working pattern) from a standard pattern for clothing : make (a standard pattern) into a working pattern for clothing — compare grader 3intransitive verb 1. a. : to form a gradation or a series having only slight differences < the colors graded gradually from red to orange to yellow > < anthracite grades by imperceptible stages into bituminous coal — Encyc. Americana > < interrelated plant communities which graded from one to another through orderly transitions — R.W.Finley > b. : blend < the colors graded into one another at the edges > < any further attempt here to segregate the two would serve no purpose, for … the one inevitably grades into the other — W.H.Dowdeswell > 2. : to proceed on an incline < grading slowly downward — R.L.Stevenson > 3. : to be of or merit a particular grade < lambs grading choice to prime — Chicago Daily Drovers Journal> < a story which grades too low in reader interest — Richard Match > III. adjective 1. : comprising the elementary grades : belonging to an elementary grade < a grade room > : teaching the elementary grades < a grade teacher > 2. of a domestic animal : of improved but not pure stock — distinguished from crossbred and purebred; compare scrub IV. noun (-s) : a particular level of organization (as of a morphological trait) characteristic of a group of biological taxa ; also : a group of taxa (as species) that possess such a level of organization but do not necessarily share a common ancestral lineage — compare clade herein |
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