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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary pen·al·ty \\ˈpe-nəl-tē\\ noun (plural -ties) ETYMOLOGY Middle English penalte, from Middle French penalité, from Medieval Latin poenalitas, from Latin poenalis DATE 15th century 1. the suffering in person, rights, or property that is annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime or public offense 2. the suffering or the sum to be forfeited to which a person agrees to be subjected in case of nonfulfillment of stipulations 3. a. disadvantage, loss, or hardship due to some action b. a disadvantage (as loss of yardage, time, or possession of the ball or an addition to or subtraction from the score) imposed on a team or competitor for violation of the rules of a sport 4. points scored in bridge by the side that defeats the opposing contract — usually used in plural • penalty adjective Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7 penalty pen·alty / 5penElti / noun(pl. -ies) 1. ~ (for sth) a punishment for breaking a law, rule or contract 惩罚；处罚；刑罚: to impose a penalty 予以惩罚 Assault carries a maximum penalty of seven years' imprisonment. 侵犯人身罪可判处最高七年的监禁。 The penalty for travelling without a ticket is £200. 无票乘车的罚款为 200 英镑。 Contractors who fall behind schedule incur heavy financial penalties. 承包商如延误工期将被处以巨额罚款。 a penalty clause in a contract 合同中的惩罚条款 You can withdraw money from the account at any time without penalty. 您可以随时从账户中提款,不收罚金。 ⇨ see also death penalty 2. ~ (of sth) a disadvantage suffered as a result of sth 害处；不利: One of the penalties of fame is loss of privacy. 成名的弊端之一是失掉了隐私。 3. (in sports and games 体育运动) a disadvantage given to a player or a team when they break a rule (对犯规者的)判罚,处罚: He incurred a ten-second penalty in the first round. 他在第一轮受到停赛十秒钟的处罚。 4. (in football ( soccer ) and some other similar sports 足球和其他类似体育运动) a chance to score a goal or point without any defending players, except the goalkeeper , trying to stop it; the goal or point that is given if it is successful. This chance is given because the other team has broken the rules. 点球；罚点球得分: Two minutes later Ford equalized with a penalty. 两分钟后,福特以一记点球将比分扳平。 We were awarded a penalty after a late tackle. 对方铲球犯规后,我们得到了一个点球。 I volunteered to take the penalty (= be the person who tries to score the goal / point). 我自愿主罚点球。 He missed a penalty in the last minute of the game. 在比赛的最后一刻,他罚失了点球。 IDIOMS ⇨ see pay v. Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English penalty noun 1 punishment ADJ. harsh, heavy, severe, stiff, strict, tough | light | maximum, minimum | fixed, mandatory a new system of fixed penalties for most traffic offences | financial, tax the heavy financial penalties of leaving the scheme early | death the movement for the abolition of the death penalty VERB + PENALTY impose, introduce | threaten | increase | carry crimes which carry severe penalties | face, incur PREP. on/under ~ of They made him promise, under penalty of death. | ~ for the penalty for murder | ~ on He threatened stiffer penalties on young offenders. 2 disadvantage VERB + PENALTY pay, suffer He's now paying the penalty for his misspent youth. People who lose their jobs are suffering the penalties for longer periods. | accept PREP. ~ for You must accept the penalty for your rash behaviour. | ~ of It's just one of the penalties of fame. 3 in football ADJ. disputed | winning | first-half, second-half | early, late VERB + PENALTY award (sb), give (sb) | give away They were leading until Cole gave away a penalty. | appeal for | be awarded/given, get, have We were unlucky not to get a penalty. | kick, take | score from Owen scored from a first-half penalty. | miss | save PENALTY + NOUN area, box, spot | shoot-out PREP. ~ by/from Thet won, thanks to a late penalty from Fry. • Special page at Special page-SPORT OLT penalty noun ⇨ punishment Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged pen·al·ty I. \ˈpenəltē, -ti\ noun (-es) Etymology: modification (influenced by -ty) of Medieval Latin poenalitas, from Latin poenalis penal + -itas -ity 1. a. : the suffering in person, rights, or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime or public offense : punishment for crime or offense : penal retribution < where a life sentence is the extreme penalty > < trespassing forbidden under penalty of imprisonment > specifically : a fine or mulct imposed as such a punishment b. : a sum of money made recoverable in a civil action by the state or an informer for the less serious offenses not mala in se — compare fine 2. : the suffering or the sum to be forfeited to which a person subjects himself by covenant or agreement in case of nonfulfillment of stipulations and which is if imposed in good faith as liquidated damages in general recoverable and enforceable in equity : forfeiture , fine 3. : disadvantage, loss, or hardship due to some action (as transgression or error) 4. : a disadvantage (as loss of yardage, time, or possession of the ball) imposed for violation of the rules of a contest 5. a. usually plural : points scored in bridge by a side that defeats the opposing contract b. : royalty 6II. adjective 1. a. of government free mail : imprinted with the penalty clause < a penalty envelope > < penalty labels > < penalty mail > b. : of or relating to the use of penalty mail < the penalty privilege > 2. : involving or received in compensation for hardship < penalty taxation > < penalty cargo > < penalty overtime > < penalty pay > < a penalty throw > 3. a. : imposed as a penalty < penalty time > < a penalty charge > b. : used in determining or carrying out a penalty < crossed the penalty line > < penalty spot > 4. : being or containing a clause specifying a penalty for violation of an agreement or regulation < a penalty bond > < contained certain penalty provisions > |
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