Question

68. pend, pens [L]=

Accepted Answer

to hang, to weigh, to pay 悬挂，称量，支付
pend 和pens 是同源异形根，它们来自拉丁动词pendere 和它的动名词pensum。这个动词
有三个意思：to hang（悬挂）；to weigh（称量）和to pay（支付）。三个意思都与古罗马时
用天平“称量”金银“支付”费用一事相关联，而称量的东西是必须“悬挂”在天平上的。
三者之中，“悬挂”是基本义。

depend [de-=down 下；pend=to hang 悬挂→“to hang down form some-thing 挂在某物下”→
“be supported by something 靠某物支持”→] v.① rely (on)依靠；依赖：All living things depend
on air.万物生长都有赖于空气。② be determined 取决于：Whether we go for an outing
depends on the weather.去不去郊游要看天气而定。

▽dependence [depend;ence n.] n.依靠；从属
dependant [depend;-ant n.] n.受赡养者；侍从
dependent [depend;-ent a.] a.依靠的；由……决定的；从属的

independent [in-=not 不；dependent a.依赖的→] a.① not relying on 独立的：independent
thinking 独立思考② self-governing 自治的：inde-pendent country 主权国家

▽independence [in-;depend;-ence n.] n.独立；自主
independency [in-;depend;-ency n.] n.独立；独立国

suspend [sus-(sub-)=under 在……之下；pend=to hang 悬挂→“to hang under 挂在……之下”
→] v.① hang from a supporter above 吊；悬：The lamp is suspended from the ceiling.电灯从天
花板挂下。② put off for a period of time 使悬而不决，暂停：to suspend talks 中止会谈

▽suspense [sus-;pens;-e] n.悬而不决；未定
suspensor [sus-;pens;-or n.] n.吊绷带
suspension [sus-;pens;-ion n.] n.悬，吊；暂停，中止
suspensive [sus-;pens;-ive a.] a.暂停的；悬而未决的

append [ap-(ad-)=to 到；pend=to hang 挂→“to hang to a main body 挂到某主体上”→] v. add
附加：I want to append some words to the drawing.我要给图样附上文字说明。

▽appendage [append;-age n.] n.附加物；附属物
appendant/appendent [append;-ant/-ent a.] a.附加的；附属的

pendulum [pend=to hang 挂；-ulum (-um) n.=thing 物→“thing that hangs 悬挂着的东西”→] n.
thing hanging from a fixed point so as to swing freely, as in a clock 悬摆；钟摆：simple pendulum
单摆

▽pendular [pendul(um);-ar a.] a.钟摆运动的；摆动的
pendulous [pendul(um);-ous a.] a.悬垂的；摆动的
以下分析几个包含“称量”或“支付”概念的同根词。

expend [ex-=out 出；pend=to pay 支付→] v.① pay out, or spend 付出；花费：He expended lots
of time in writing this book.他花许多时间写这本书。② use up 用尽：Don't expend your energy
on such a foolish business.别在这种蠢事上耗尽精力。

▽expenditure [expend;-iture n.] n.支出；支出额
expense [ex-;pens;-e] n.花费；消耗
expensive [ex-;pens;-ive a.] a.花费多的；昂贵的

dispense [dis-=apart 分开；pend=to weigh 称；-e→“to weigh apart from the amount 从总量中
称出一部分”→] v.① deal out;distribute 分发；分配：The machine dispenses coffee to anyone
who puts in a coin.只要投入硬币，这机器就会给你一份咖啡。② mix and give out (medicines)
配（方）；发（药）：Who dispensed the medicine to you?谁给你配的药？

▽dispensation [dispens(e);-ation n.] n.分配；分配物；配方
dispensary [dispens(e);-ary n.] n.配药处；药房
spend [expend 或dispense 的词头脱落形式→] v.① expend (time)消耗（时间）：He spent three
years writing this book.他花三年时间写这本书。② dispense or give out (money) in payment 花
费（金钱）：How much did you spend on the car?你买这部车花了多少钱？

▽spendable [spend;-able a.] a.可花费的

compensate [com-=together 一起；pens=to weigh 称；-ate v.=to make 使……→“to make one
thing weighed together with another so as to make a balance 使某物与其他物一起称，以达到
平衡”→] v. make a balancing payment for some loss;make up 赔偿；补偿：to compensate the
workers injured at work 赔偿负工伤的工人

▽compensation [compensat(e);-ion n.] n.补偿；赔偿；赔偿费
compensator [compensat(e);-or n.] n.赔偿者；（机器）补偿器

N Hang V.① Make Pay Expend Spend Weigh