Question

92. tend, tens, tent [L]=

Accepted Answer

to stretch 伸
在常用词attend，attention，extend，pretend 和intense 中，可以看到tend，tens，tent 这
三个同源异形根。tend 来自拉丁动词tendere，意思为to stretch（伸开，伸长，延伸）；tens
和tent 都是这个拉丁动词的动名词词干（tendere 有两个动名词形式：tensum 和tentum），
主要用来构成相应的名词和形容词。

attend [at-(ad-)=to 向；tend=to stretch 伸→“to stretch one's mind to 把心思伸向”→] v.① pay
notice or care to;fix the mind on 注意；专心：Please attend to what he is saying.注意听他讲。
② be present at 出席：to attend a meeting 出席会议

▽attendance [attend;-ance n.] n.看护，照料；出席（人数）
attendant [attend;-ant n./a.] n.仆役，侍从a.伴随的
attention [at-;tent;-ion n.] n.注意；注意力
attentive [at-;tent;-ive a.] a.注意的；当心的

extend [ex-=out 出；tend=to stretch 伸→] v.① stretch out 伸出：He extended his arms in front of
him.他向前伸出双臂。② make longer orgreater 延长；扩大：We are to extend the railway to the
city.我们计划把铁路延长到那座城市。

▽extent [ex-;tent] n.长度；广度；限度；程度
extension [ex-;tens;-ion n.] n.伸长；扩大
extensive [ex-;tens;-ive a.] a.广大的；广泛的
extensible [ex-;tens;-ible a.] a.可延伸的；可扩展的

intend [in-=upon 在……上面；tend=to stretch 伸→“to stretch one's eye upon something 把目
光伸到某事之上”→] v.① plan or purpose 打算：What do you intend to do next?下一步你打
算怎么办？② mean to be 意指：What did he intend by that remark?他说那话是什么意思？

▽intendance [intend;-ance n.] n.监督；管理
intendant [intend;-ant n.] n.监督人；管理人
intent [in-;tent] a.集中的；专心致志的n.意图；含义
intention [in-;tent;-ion n.] n.意图；目的；意义；意旨
pretend [pre- = before 在……之前；tend = to stretch 伸展→“to stretch one's mind before the
public 在众人面前展开或夸张自己的想法”→] v.① profess, or claim 声称；自称：He pretends
to be a scholar.他自称学者。② profess falsely;give a false appearance 伪称；假装：Don't pretend
to know what you do not know.不要不懂装懂。

▽pretender [pretend;-er n.] n.佯装者；冒充者；妄求者
pretense [pre-;tense] n.假装；自命；借口；托词
pretension [pre-;tens;-ion n.] n.要求；权利；借口；自称
pretentious [pre-;tent;-i-;-ous a.] a.自负的；矫饰的

intense [in-=to 到；tens=to stretch 伸；-e→“being stretched to a high degree 伸展到高度的”
→] a.① strained 紧张的：intense but orderly work 紧张而有秩序的工作② extreme 极度
的：intense heat 酷热③ strong in quality or feeling 强烈的：intense sorrow 强烈的悲痛

▽intension [intens(e);-ion n.] n.紧张；强度；加强
intensive [intens(e);-ive a.] a.加强的；集中的；深入细致的
intensity [intens(e);-ty n.] n.（思想、感情的）强烈；强度
intensify [intens(e);-ify v.] v.加强；加剧

tense [tens=to stretch 伸展；-e→]Ⅰa. stretched tightly;strained 绷紧的；紧张的：tense situation
紧张的形势→Ⅱv. cause to be stretched or strained 拉紧；使紧张：to tense the muscles 绷紧肌
肉

▽tensity [tens(e) a.;-ity n.] n.紧张；紧张度
tension [tens(e) v.;-ion n.] n.绷紧；紧张
tensile [tens(e) v.;-ile a.] a.拉力的；能伸长的
tensor [tens(e) v.;-or n.] n.张肌；张量

tend [tend=to stretch 伸→] v.① stretch or develop in some direction 伸向；趋向：The prices are
tending upward.物价趋于上涨。② incline 倾向：to tend to optimism 有乐观主义倾向

▽tendency [tend;-ency n.] n.趋向；倾向；倾向性
tendentious [tend;-ent;-i-;-ous] a.有倾向性的；有偏见的

contend [con-(com-)=together 共同；tend=to stretch 伸长→“to stretch for something together
共同伸取某物”→] v. ① strive; struggle in emulation 竞争；斗争：to contend for spheres of
influence 争夺势力范围② debate or dispute 争论：He often contends against me.他常常与我
争论。

▽contender [contend;-er n.] n.竞争者；斗争者；争论者
contention [con-;tent;-ion n.] n.竞争；争论；论点
contentious [con-;tent;-i-;-ous a.] a.好争论的；引起争论的

distend [dis-=away 开；tend=to stretch 伸展→] v.① stretch away;stretch in three dimensions 扩
伸；膨胀：Iron distends by heat.铁受热膨胀。② swell 肿胀：The injured wrist began to distend
up.受伤的腕部开始肿起来。

▽distension [dis-;tens;-ion n.] n.扩张；膨胀；肿胀
distensible [dis-;tens;-ible a.] a.可膨胀的
ostentation [os-(obs-) = in front of 在……之前；tent = to stretch 展开；-ation n.=the act 表行
为→“the act of stretching one's belongings in front of others 在他人面前展示财物”→] n.① act
of showing;display to draw attention or admiration 显耀；卖弄：I hate ostentation in any form.
我憎恶任何形式的虚饰。② boasting 出风头：to be free from ostentation 杜绝风头主义

▽ostentatious [os-;tent;-atious a.] a.卖弄的；虚饰的
ostensive [os-;tens;-ive a.] a.明显表示的；表面的；诡称的

Stretch N V.① One's Tens(e Attend Mind Front