Nitrogen is absorbed as nitrate, nitrite, or ammonium and is vital for meristematic tissues, amino acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, and hormones. Phosphorus, absorbed as phosphate ions, is crucial for cell membranes, proteins, nucleic acids, and ATP. Potassium (K+) aids in cation-anion balance, protein synthesis, stomatal movement, enzyme activation, and turgor. Calcium (Ca2+) is needed for meristematic and dividing tissues, cell wall synthesis, and mitotic spindle formation. Magnesium (Mg+) activates enzymes for respiration and photosynthesis, is involved in DNA/RNA synthesis, and is a component of chlorophyll. Sulfur (SO42-) is present in amino acids like cysteine and methionine and in coenzymes and vitamins. Iron (Fe3+) is essential for electron transfer (ferredoxin, cytochromes), activates catalase, and is important for chlorophyll formation. Manganese (Mn2+) activates enzymes for photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen metabolism, and splits water. Zinc (Zn+) activates enzymes, especially carboxylases, and is involved in auxin synthesis. Copper (Cu2+) is involved in redox reactions and enzyme systems.
Nitrogen is absorbed as nitrate, nitrite, or ammonium and is vital for meristematic tissues, amino acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, and hormones. Phosphorus, absorbed as phosphate ions, is crucial for cell membranes, proteins, nucleic acids, and ATP. Potassium (K+) aids in cation-anion balance, protein synthesis, stomatal movement, enzyme activation, and turgor. Calcium (Ca2+) is needed for meristematic and dividing tissues, cell wall synthesis, and mitotic spindle formation. Magnesium (Mg+) activates enzymes for respiration and photosynthesis, is involved in DNA/RNA synthesis, and is a component of chlorophyll. Sulfur (SO42-) is present in amino acids like cysteine and methionine and in coenzymes and vitamins. Iron (Fe3+) is essential for electron transfer (ferredoxin, cytochromes), activates catalase, and is important for chlorophyll formation. Manganese (Mn2+) activates enzymes for photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen metabolism, and splits water. Zinc (Zn+) activates enzymes, especially carboxylases, and is involved in auxin synthesis. Copper (Cu2+) is involved in redox reactions and enzyme systems.
| Subject | essential nutrients |
|---|---|
| Q1 | Nitrogen |
| Q1 Answer | absorbed as: NO3-, NO2- , NH4+. required by meristematic tissue and metabolically active cells main constituent of amino acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, hormones |
| Q2 | Phosphorus |
| Q2 Answer | absorbed as: H2PO4- or HPO42- -cell membranes, proteins, all nucleic acids, nucleotides, phosphorylation (ATP) |
| Q3 | Potassium |
| Q3 Answer | absorbed as: K+ -anion-cation balance, protein synthesis, stomata movement, activation of enzymes, turgidity maintenance -found in meristematic tissues, buds, leaves, root tips |
| Q4 | Calcium |
| Q4 Answer | absorbed as: Ca2+ -required by meristematic and dividing tissue. cell wall synthesis: calcium pectate and middle lamella. -mitotic spindle formation, accumulates in older leaves -involved in metabolism |
| Q5 | Magnesium |
| Q5 Answer | absorbed as: Mg+ -respiration, photosynthesis enzyme activation -DNA RNA synthesis -ring structure of chlorophyll -maintains ribosome structure -Mg2+ is an activtor for RuBisCO and PEPCase |
| Q6 | Sulphur |
| Q6 Answer | absorbed as: SO42- present in amino acids cysteine and methionine coenzymes, vitamins (thiamine, biotin, CoA enzyme, ferredoxin |
| Q7 | Iron |
| Q7 Answer | absorbed as: Fe3+ -required in larger amts in micronutrients, important protein constituent, transfer of electrons like ferredoxin and cytochromes -reversibly oxidised from Fe2+ to Fe3+ during ETC. -activates catalase enzyme -important for chlorophyll formation |
| Q8 | Manganese |
| Q8 Answer | absorbed as:Mn2+ activates enzymes for photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen metabolism -splits water to liberate oxygen |
| Q9 | Zinc |
| Q9 Answer | absorbed as: Zn+ activates enzymes (esp. carboxylases) -auxin synthesis Zn 2+ is an activator of alcohol dehydrogenase |
| Q10 | Copper |
| Q10 Answer | absorbed as: Cu2+ metabolism, associated with enzymes in redox reactions. oxidises from Cu+ to Cu2+ |
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