NEET Biology ug
This flashcard deck covers various topics in biology such as stages of reproduction, distinctions between primates and non-primates, productivity and its types (NPP, GPP), nutrient cycles (gaseous and sedimentary), types of nucleases (exonucleases and endonucleases), different types of reproduction like autogamy, geitonogamy, xenogamy, pollination agents, viral diseases, meristem tissue culture, abiotic factors, population concepts like death rates and sex ratio, lifespan of various organisms, types of reproduction (sexual and asexual) and their characteristics, types of fission (binary and multiple), budding, and examples of these processes in different organisms. Overall, the deck provides a concise overview of fundamental biological concepts.
यह फ्लैशकार्ड डेक जीवविज्ञान के विभिन्न विषयों को कवर करता है, जैसे कि प्रजनन के चरण, प्राइमेट्स और नॉन-प्राइमेट्स, उत्पादकता और उसके प्रकार, पोषक तत्व चक्र, न्यूकलीएज के प्रकार, विभिन्न प्रकार की प्रजनन विधियां जैसे ऑटोगैमी, जीनोआगैमी, ज़ेनोगैमी, परागण के एजेंट, वायरस संबंधित रोग, मेरिस्टेम, पर्यावरणीय कारक, जनसंख्या सम्बंधित अवधारणाएँ जैसे मृत्यु दर, लिंग अनुपात, विशिष्ट जीवों के जीवन काल, प्रजनन के प्रकार (यौन और ऐसैक्सुअल) और उनकी विशेषताएँ, फिशन, बडिंग, और विभिन्न जीवों में इन प्रक्रियाओं के उदाहरण। इस डेक में व्यापक रूप से जीवविज्ञान की बुनियादी अवधारणाओं को सरल और संक्षिप्त रूप में प्रस्तुत किया गया है।
Learn using these flashcards. Click a card to start.
- Locule ovarian the
- Ovules megasporangia
- Chasmogamous exposed anther stigma and
- Energy lost form heat how
- Organism death unicellular with no
- Ls elephant of 50
- Ls dog of 22
- Ls butterfly of 2
- Ls cow of 22
- Ls crocodile of 60
- Horse 40
- Tortoise 100
- Hw types reproduction asexual sexual
- Type asexual reproduction fission,budding,vegetative propagation
- Fission protists monerans eg for
- Binary fission ameoba paramecium eg
- Budding hydra,sponge,yeast eg for
- Asexual reproductive structure zoospore,conidia,gemmules other
- Conidia pencillium
- Vegetative propagation buds potato,banana,ginger form notches bryophyllum
- Understant end vegetative phase flowering
- Unusual floweing bamboo srobilanthus kunthiana
- Scenesce concomitant occur what happens
- Prefertilisation consist of gametogenesis gamate transfer
- Heterogamates male female gamtes distinguished
- Male female gamates called antherozoids egg
- Monoecious cucurbits cocunut eg for
- Homothallic bisexual
- Hermaphrodites bisexual animal
- Animals unisexual cockroach higher eg
- Diploid moecyte pteridophytes,gymnosperm,angiosperm,animals eg for
- Parthanogenic animal rotifers,honeybee,lizard,birds eg for
- Types fertilisation internal external of
- Occurs process embryogenesis division differentiation cell
- Ecosystem functional unit nature living organisms interact surrounding
- Terrestial ecosystem forest grassland,desert
- Man made ecosystem crop fields aquariums
- Function unit ecosystem biotic abiotic
- Basic components functioning ecosystem 1.productivity 2.decomposition 3.energy flow
- Abiotic components ponds water rich soil deposit bottom
- Autotrophic components pond phytoplanktons,algae,floating,submerged marginal plants
- Consumers ponds zooplanktons,free swimming and bottom dwelling forms
- Primary production amount biomass organic matter produced unit
- Unit primary production of
- Npp net primary productivity gpp-r(respiration loss
- Single pistil monocarpellery
- Annula net primary productivity billion tons dry weight-70
- Dead detritus plant remainingsuch leaves bark,flowers remains animal,including
- Fragmentation breakdown detrirus smaller particles detritovores-earthworm
- Catabolism degradation detritus simpler inorganic substance bacterial fungal
- Mineralization releasse inorganic nutrients dueto degradation humus microbes
- Detritus chemical composition decomposition rate slow rich lignin
- Energy source sun deep sea hydro thermal ecosytem
- Par sun photosynthetically active radiation
- Plant capture par 2-10 of
- Producers organism depend food all
- Beginning detritus food chain death organism
- Simple grazing foodchain grass goat-man
- Decomposers meet energy degrading dead organic matteror detritus
- Aquatic ecosystem major conduit energy gfc
- Terrestial major conduit energy is dfc
- 1st trophic level phytoplanktons,grass trees
- 2nd trophic level zooplanktons grasshoper,cow
- 4th trophic level man,lion
- Levels law energy transfered trophic lower
- Types ecological pyramids a.pyramid number b.pyramid biomass c.pyramid
- Ecological pyramids limitaion account thesame species belonging trophic
- Community climax equilibrium environment that
- Succession leads incerease number decline species
- Sere entire sequence community successively change area
- Succession evolution parallel earlier times
- Succession types primary secondary is
- Succession primary takes place li ving organism existed
- Primary succession speed slow very
- Forsecondary succession abondoned farmland,brned cut forest,land flooded
- Succession vegetation affect food shelter of organism
- Types succession plant hydrarch xerarch
- Xerarch succession takes place dry areas.the series progress
- Succesion leads to medium water condition-mesic
- Species invading bare area called pioneer
- Remain climax community stable long environment unchanged
- Standing state amount nutrient carbon,nitrogen,phosphorous calcium present soiil
- Nutrient cycle(biogeochemical cycles movement elements components acosystem
- Rate release nutrient based soil moisture,ph,temperature
- C cycle occur atmo,ocean,living dead organism
- C fixed photosyntheses kg how
- Lost amount c how sediment removed circulation
- Reaervoir p constituent biological membrane,nucleic acid,cellular enrgy transfer
- P cycle flowchart refer text book
- Difference b/w c andp cycle refer text
- Price tagged nature life support servicess robert constanza
- Price ecosystem service trillion dollar global gross national
- Recreation nutrient cycle trillion and
- Efb european federaion biotechnoly of
- Gene biotechnology deals microbe mediated invitro synthesis preparation
- Principle biotechnology a.genetic engineering b.maintanace sterile ambience
- Recombinanat dna emerged possibility linking gene antibiotic resistance
- Isolated antibiotic resistance gene stanley cohen herbert boyer
- Tools recombinant dna technology 1.restriction enzyme 2.cloning vector
- Restriction endonuclease hind ii first
- Sequence recognition pair restriction enzymes cut
- Restriction enzyme found strain bacteria
- Pros sticky ends form h bond complementary cut
- Gel electrophorosis dna fragments formed restriction enzyme seperated
- Smaller sized fragments move faster
- Gel elution seperated dna bands cu agarose extracted
- Pistil multipicarpallary more than one
- Fused pistil syncarpous
- Cloning vectors dna molecule carry foreign dna segment
- Ori sequence replication starts piece dna linked replicate
- Transformanants selectable marker helps select
- Gene ligation alien carried antibiotic resistance
- Retrovirus transform normal cells cancerous
- Method indroduce alien dna host cell micro injection
- Microinjection recombinant dna directly injected nucleas animal cell
- Biolistic cells ombareded high velocity micro particle gold
- Isolation genetic material cell treated enzymes lysozyme bacteria
- Rna removed ribonucleases how is
- Dna precipitated treated chilled ethanol
- Pcr synthesis mulitiple copies gene interest in vitro
- Dna polymerease extend primers nucleotide genomic amplified 1billion
- Amplification thermostable dna polymerease thermus aquaticus
- Bioreactor large produce quantities products volumes of culture
- System control bioreactor agitator oxygen delivery foam temp
- Critical reserch areas a.providing catalyst form improved organism
- Food production agriculture options increasing a.agro chemical bassed
- Pest resistant plants bio pesticides eg-bt cotton,rice,tomato,potato,soyabean
- Bt bacillus thuringensis
- Bt kill coleopterans-beetles lepidopterans-tobacco budworm dipterans-flies mosquitoes
- Protein doesnt kill bt exist inactive protoxin
- Protein kill toxin bind surface midgut epithelial cells
- Gene produce protein cry which
- Cryiab corn borer
- Rna source comlpemntary infection viruses mobile genetic element
- Transpons mobile gentic elements
- Recombinant medicine goo mass production safe effective therapeutic
- Gmo medicine certified india how
- Found artificial insulin eli lilly american company
- Gene therapy year girls ada(adenosine deaminasse deficiency
- Ada gene therapy lymphocyte grown culture cdna indroduced
- Detect pcr diagnosis hiv powerful mutation
- Antigen antibody elisa based principle interaction protein,glycoprotein pathogen
- Parts pistiils stigma style ovary
- Style elongated slender part beneath stigma
- Study factors normal physiology development transgenic animals geneare
- Biological products alpha antitripsin treat emphysema pku cystic
- Rosie protein enriched milk.alpha lactalbumin balanced human beings
- Toxxicity testingos compare tran toxic environment
- Geac genetic engineering approval committee
- Varieties basumati in india of how
- Plants shows sexual reproduction angiosperm
- Flowers morphological embryological structures sites reproduction
- Androecium whorls stamens of
- Filament long slender stalk.its proximal attached thalamus petal
- Theca dithecous longitudinal grooves runs length wise seperating
- Fn tapetum nourishes the developing pollen grain
- Cell convert microspore tetrad sporogenous tissue
- Tetrad potential pollen each of
- Layer pollen exine intine two
- Exine hard outer layer.made sporopollenin
- Sporopolleninis absent germ pore aperture
- Intine wall thin continuos layer made cellulose pectin
- Generative cells small floats cytoplasm vegetative spindle shaped
- Celled pollen grains sheds stages
- Viability cereals 30min of
- Cons parthenium chronic asthma bronchitis
- Ovules plants wheat paddy eg
- Hilum junction body ovule funicle fuse
- Integuments ovule protective envelopes each
- Chalaza opposite micropylar end the
- Nucellus reserve food material contain
- Embryo sac located nucellus is
- Megasporo genesis
- Egg apparatus cells synergids 2
- Antipodal cells chalazal end the
- Central nucleas 2
- Autogamy flower same
- Anemophily corncob-wave tassels winds eg
- Hydrophily water
- Entomophily insects
- Amrphophallus yucca deposit egg in locule
- Pollen robbers insects consume nector bringing pollination
- Synchronization avoiding pollen release stigma receptivity
- Incompatibility a genetic mechanism prevent pollen fertilization inhibiting
- Pollen pistil interaction dynamic process involving recognistion promotion
- Pollen pistil interaction place chemical components produced
- Post fertilisation endosperm embryo development
- Endosperm triploid cell primary divides repeatedly forms tissue
- Endosperm cells filled reserve materual
- Free nuclear cocunut water eg
- Mono dicot embryogeny early embryonic development
- Embryo develop micropylar end sac zygote situated
- Grass family cotyledon called scutellum
- Albuminous seed pea groundnut,beans non
- Perisperm remnant nucellus present-black pepper,beet
- Fleshy fruit guava,orange,mango
- Fruits types true fuits false
- False fruits thalamus contribute formation
- False fruits apple strawberry eg
- Lupine-lupinus arcticus artic tundra years
- Polyembryo nucellar cells surrounding embryo sac divide protrud
- Animal husbandary agricultutal oractitice breeding raising livestock applying
- Management dairy farm animals increasing yield quality milk
- Milk yield depend quality breed farm
- Regular hw ensure hygiene inspection visit vetenary doctor
- Poultry chicken,ducks,turkey geese eg for
- Breed gp animals related similar general appearence features,size
- Organism breeding modification genotype make humans
- Type of breeding a.inbreeding b.ourbreeding
- Process inbreeding superiormale female mated progeny method repeated
- Inbreeding depression continued close reduce fertility productivity
- Breeding unrelated animals out it
- Breeding type crossing,cross interspecific hybridisation
- Offspring crossing cross of our
- Cross breeding method,superior male mated superior female breed
- Cross breeding hisardale sheep developed punjab crossing bikaneri
- Inter specific hybridisation mating male female species
- Moet multiple ovulation embryo transfer technology
- Bees pollinator of sunflower brassica apple pear
- Fisheries industry catching processing selling fish,shellfish aquatic animals(prawn
- Freshwater fishes catla,rohu common carp
- Marine fish hilsa,sardines,mackeral,pomfrets
- Blue revolution development flourishing fishing industries
- Green revolution development flourishing agriculture.it dependent plant breeding
- Desirable genes breeders incorporate crop yield,quality tolerance environmental
- Germplasm collection entire collectionof plants seeds alleles genes
- Evaluation selection parents germplasm evaluated identify plants desirable
- Desirable limitation cross hybridisation time consuming combine character
- Testing release commercialization evaluated yield agronomic traits quality
- Increase wheat production 11m 75m rice35m-89.5m
- High yield disease resistent wheat india sonalika kalyan
- Rice semi dwarf derived ir-8(international research institute taichung
- Millets:hybrid maize jowar bajra resistant water stress
- Plant breeding disease resistance enhances food production helps
- Bacterial disease black rot crucifers
- Disease resistance variety wheat himgiri leaf stripe rust
- Brassica pusa swarnim(karan rai white rust
- Mutational breeding create desirable character found parental type
- Mutational breeding mung bean,resistance yellow mosaic virus powdery
- Transfer resistance genes achieved sexual hybridisation b/w the
- Insect resistance host plants due to morphological biochemical,physiological
- Stem solid wheat lead preference sawfly
- Brassica(rapeseed mustards pusa gaurav aphids
- Flat bean pusa sem2,pusa sem3 jassids,aphids,fruit borer
- Biofortification breeding crop high level nutrients helps improve
- Vegetable crops vitamin minerals released indian agriculture research
- Scp alternate source proteins animal human nutrition microbed
- Spirulina rich protein minerals fats carbohydrate vitamins.it grown
- 250g micro organism methylophilus methylotrophus produce tonnes
- Totipotency ability generate plant cell/explant
- Micropropogation method producing thousands plants short time tissue
- Soma clones plants genetically identical original plant,from grown
- Govt action environment protection act
- Harmful human particulate size pico meter
- Remove particulate electrostatic precipitators device matter present exhaust
- Air act amended when is
- Sources sound pollution music instrument loudspeaker crackers industries
- Control noise pollution sound absorbent material horn free
- Auto fuel laid road map cut vehicular pollution
- Euro iii april bharat stageii met cities iv
- Water law govt body prevention control pollution act
- Make sewage unfit impurities what
- Algal bloom planktonic algae grow excessively due nutrients
- Cons water hyacinth reprduce ecosystem imbalance
- Biomagnification mercuty ddt industrial waste
- Eutrophication natural aging lake by nutrient enrichment
- Prime contaminant eutrophication nitrates phosphates
- Waste water treatment arcata,northern coast california humbolt state
- Waste water treatment sedimentation six connected marshland
- Foam friends arcata marsh of
- Solid waste refer trash everything
- Tree types wastess biodegradable bio recyclable
- Rag pickers kabadiwallahs
- Ewastes irreparable computers electronic goods e wastes buried
- Polyblend ahmed khan who
- Chemical fertilisers eutrophication cause
- Indroduced iof ramesh chandra dagar
- Effect radioactive wastes accidental leakage safe disposal mutation
- Safety radioactive sufficient pre treatment.shielded container,buried rocks 500m
- Thickness ozone measured dobson units
- Uv-b uv absorbed earth mutatio mutation
- Montreal protocol international treaty canada,1987 signed control emission
- Slash burn agriculture jhum cultivation deforestation north eastern
- Cons deforestio loss biodiversity,soil erostion hydrologic cycle disturbs
- Award saving trees amrita devi bishnoi wildlife protection
- Jfm work closely communities with
- Ecology concerned level biological organizations organisms population,communities,biomes
- Variation temp seasons rotation earth tilt axis
- Forms habitat regional local variation
- Stenothermal tolerate narrow range temperature
- Plant depend water productivity distributioin
- Salt inland the of <5
- Eury haline tolerate wide range salinities
- Stenohaline tolerate narrow range salinity
- Soil depend nature climate weathering process sedimentation,method development
- Determine vegetation ph mineral composition topography
- Determine type benthic animals sediment characteristics
- Regulates birds mammals vertebrates invetrebrates
- Conform maintain constant temp 99
- Migrate kiolado national park winter host siberians cold
- Hibernation bears winter during
- Aestivation snails fishes summer of
- Water adaptation kangaroo rats internal fat oxidation byproduct
- Adaptation mammal polar region colder climate shorter ears
- Behavioural adaptation desert lizard bask sun species capable
- Population cormorants wet land rats abondened dwelling teak
- Population rates attributes birth death sex ratio age
- Birth rates refer capita to
- Population size chlamydomonas millions of
- Population large measured relative density is trap
- Population growth depend food availability predation pressure weather
- Natality number births population period
- Immigration number individuals species the habitat
- Growth models a.exponential b.logistic
- R norway rats for 0.015
- R flour beetle for 0.12
- R human population india for
- Logistic growth fittest survive reproduce
- Eqn logistic growth of
- Population growth curve
- Population interaction mutualism competition parasitism predation commensalism amensalism
- Defenses insect frogs camouflaged cryptically cloured avoid detected
- Monarch butterfly highly distasteful predators due special chemical
- Calotropis weed growing abondoned field produce highly poisonous
- Occur interference competition resource abundant presence species feeding
- Age gp expanding stable,declining may
- Gause's competitive exclusion principle states closely related species
- Resource partitioning macarthur warbler species survive trees difference
- Ecto parasites lice humas ticks dogs cuscuta hedge
- Mutualism lichen mycorrhizaeo fungi roots
- Biomes due difference precipitation the
- Pisaster american pacific coast where
- Ls parrot of 14
- Fruit fly week 2
- Dry fruits groundnuts,mustards
- Reproduction ensures continuity species what
- Dioecious plants papaya date palm
- Heterothallic unisexual
- Hairy leaves resistance jassids cotton cereal leaf beatles
- Smooth leaved nector cotton varieties attract bollworm
- Pusa okra bhindhi sawami a4 shoot fruit borer
- Bisexual animal earthworm,leech,sponge,tapeworm eg for
- Albuminous seed wheat,maize barley,castor,coconut,sunflower
- Advantages seeds colonize areas food reserve protect young
- Date palm-phoenix dactylifera 2000.king herods
- Apomixis production seeds fertilisation eg.asteraceae grasses
- Importance apomixis produce year lose hybrid character costly
- Animal husbandary deals care breeding live stock poultary
- Yield potential looked after feeding cattle stringent cleaning
- Poultry domesticated birds food eggs
- Farm components poultry management selection disease free suitable
- Animal aim breeding increase yield improving desirable qualities
- Inbreeding mating closely related individuals breed generation
- Haploid meiocytes monera,fungi,algae,bryophytes eg for
- Gene advantage inbreedinf increse homozygosity evolve pure line
- Change inbreeding deppression mated unrelated superior animal breed
- Wall ovvary pericarp of
- Crossing mating animals breed common ancestor side pedigree
- Pros outcrossing overcome inbreeding depression low productivity,growth rate
- Fn cross breeding commercial subjected inbreedingand selection stable
- Interspecific hybridisation mule eg for
- Moet programme herd improvement cow administered fsh activity
- Apiculture maintanace hives honey bee production honey
- Bee pros honey high nutritive medicinal wax cosmetics
- Important points successful bee-keeping knowledge nature habir selection
- Aqua culture pisciculture are techniques increase production aquatic
- Plant breeding purposeful manipulation species order create desirable
- Classical plant breeding involves hybridisation of pure lines
- Parents steps breeding collection genetic variability evaluation selection
- Events sexual reproduction prefertilisation.fertilisation post fertilisation
- Collection genetic variability preservation wild varieties,species relatives cultivated
- Hidden hunger billion people suffer mal nutrient,protein vitamin
- Cross parents hybridisation selected desirable character combined plants.this
- Selection testing superior recombinant crucial success breeding objective
- Field test grown research ideal fertilizers management strategy
- Indroduced semi dwarf whear nobel naurate norman e.borlayg(international
- Semi dwarf rice variety india jaya ratna
- Cane saccharam india sugar barberi bad crossed officinarum(tropical
- Fungal disease rust(brown rust wheat,red rot sugarcane late
- Mosaic viral disease tobacco turnip
- Method breeding disease resistance 1.conventional 2.mutation
- Conventional methods screening germ plasma resistnr source hybridisation
- Cauliflower pusa subhra,pusa snowball k-1 bacterial blight
- Mosaic virus chilli pusa sadabahar chilly tobacco leaf
- Breeding mutational mutation chemicals radiation gamma selecting plants
- Wild high yield resistance yellow mosaic virus bhindi
- High aspartic acid,low nitrogen sugar leads resistance maize
- Objectives breeding improved nutriional quality improve protein oil
- Iron improved nutritional quality plants maize amount amino
- Enriched vitamin vegetable crops richin carrots,spinach,pumpkin;vitamin c bitter
- Tissue culture technique growing plant cells/tissue/organs sterile cultural
- Explant part plant grown testtube sterile nutrient media
- Nutrient medium explants carbon source sucrose),inorganic salts,vitamin amino
- Tissue culture tomato banana,apple eg
- Meristem free virus from the
- Meristem tissue culture banana,sugarcane,potato eg
- Somatic hybridization protoplasts varieties plants desirable gene fused
- Pollution indesirable change physical chemical biological characteristics air
- Pollution particulate gaseous air pollutants smokestack thermal powerplant
- Syngamy process fusion gamates form zygote
- Consequences pollution injury organism reduce growth yield affect
- Pollution petrol control air particulate matter seperated lead
- Working oof electrostatic precipitors electrode wire charges particles
- Noise damage effect psychological physiology 150db ear drum
- Law policies india control vehiculr pollution a.auto fuel
- Sulphur petrol euro ii norm stipulate controlled at
- Bod amount biodegradable organic matter sewage water estimated
- Water hyacinth eichhornia crassioes-terror bengal
- Biomagnification accumulation toxicant succesive trophic levels
- Biomagnification aquatic food chain water zooplan 0.04}small fishes0.5}large
- Ddt disturbs birds calcium metabolism birds.causes thining eggshell
- Eutrophication induce effluent from industries homes cultural accelerated
- Eutrophication overstimulate algae,unsighty scum robbing oxygen,from lake death
- Sedimentation dangerous pollutant heavy metal still remains innovative
- Marsh land treatment connected hectres- algae fungi plant
- Ecological sanitation dry compost,practical hygienic efficient cost effective
- Life span period birth natural death organism represent
- Municipal solid wastes wastes homes offices stores schools,hospitals
- Sanitary landfills adopted substitute for open burning dumps.in
- Road polyblend fine powder recycled modified plastics mixed
- Integrated organic farming cyclical waste procedure products process
- Leakage radioactive material incident mile island chernobyl
- Green house effect natural phenomenon responsible heating earths
- Change imapct global warming deletetious environment resulting odd
- Uv b aging skin,damage skin cells,skin cancers.inflammation cornea
- Soil erosion desertification human activities cultivation deforestation grazing
- Forest cover national policy india recommended plant hils
- Chipko movement garhwal himalaya local women hugged axe
- Organisms ecology study interaction physical environment
- Oecology physiological level explain organisms adapt encvironment terms
- Major biomes desert rain forest tundra formed due
- Adaptation morphological physiological behavioural attributes enables organisms survive
- Extreme places rajasthan desert,rain soaked meghalaya,deep ocean trenches
- Abiotic factors temp,water light,soil eg
- Temp ecological relevant environmental factors
- Temperature effects kinetics enzyme basal metabolism,and physiological factors
- Eury thermal they tolerate thrive wide range temp
- Water temp next to
- Aquatic waters role chemical composition ph
- Salt sea in 30-35
- Hypersaline lagoons in >100
- Light sunlight photoperiodism ultimate source energy
- Animal diurnal seasonal variation iin light intensity photoperiod
- Determine percolation water holding capacity soil composition,grain size
- Type organism basis homeostasis regulation regulate conform.migrate suspend
- Regulate maintanance homeostasis physiological behavioural means ensure constant
- Small animals low polar region larger surface area
- Migrate animal birds move temporarily stressful habitat hospitable
- Diapause stage suspended development zooplanktons lakes ponds
- Stomata adaptation desert plants thick cuticle leaf surface
- Altitude high symptoms sickness nausea heart palpitation fatigue
- Population gp individual species live in geographical area
- Populationecology important links ecology population genetics evolution
- Death rates refer capita to
- Sex ratio population a has
- Age pyramids distribution plotted population resulting structure called
- Population sizw density it number individuals species unit
- Huge banyan parthenium population size measure %cover biomass
- Tiger measured pug marks fecal pellets
- Basic processes fluctuate population density a.natality b.mortality c.immigration
- Mortality number deaths population period
- Figure fluctuation population the of
- Exponential growth geometric fasion unlimited resources
- Dn/dt eqn exponential growth b d n rn
- R in dn/dt rn intrinsic rate natural increase important
- Integral form exponential growth nt = n o ert
- Carrying capacity nature habitat resources support maximum number
- Verhulst-pearl logistic growth intialy lag phase acceleration deceleration
- Breeder pacific salmon fish bamboo
- Small sized offspring oysters pelagic fishes number large
- Predation carnivore herbivore 25%phytophagous all
- Cactus importance predators prickly pear cactus.the feeding predator
- Defense plants thorns acacia,cactus of
- Defenses nicotine,caffeine quinine,strychinene opium useful
- Competition potent force organic evolution process fitness species
- Unrelated competition flamingoes fishes compete zooplanktons south american
- Abingdon goat galapogas the and
- Competitive species release restricted small geographical area due
- Barnacle competitive release connell's field experiment rockyy sea
- Aprthanogenesis female gamates develops organism fertilisation
- Resource partitioning species compete avoid competition choosing different
- Loss adaptation parasites sense organs presence adhesive organs,sucker
- Parasites human liver fluke depends intermediate hosts snail
- Commensalism orchid growin epiphyte mango branch barnacles growing
- Bees mutualism b/w plants animal fig trees wasps
- Homogametes algae gametes similar chatagorise genders
- Reproduction process organism rise young similar
- Ls crow of 15
- Speciality asexual reproduction clone,similar,unicellular single parent
- Type fissio binary multiple two
- Multiple fission amoeba plasmodium eg
- Budding small bud,mature,detach,new
- Zoospores algae protist microscopic motile structure
- Gemmules sponge
- Vegeatative propagules runner,rhizome,sucker,tuber,offset,bulb eg for
- Juveline phase period growth reach maturity sexual reproduction
- Annual binneal plant show perrinial clear cut vegetative
- Bamboo flower yrs lifetime once
- Strobilanthus kunthiana flowers years once
- Stages reach reproduction juveline-physio morpho chang-repro
- Primates cows,sheep,rat,deer,dog,tiger non
- Primates monkey,apes,human
- Oestrous mentrous cycle change undergo activities ovary,accesory duct
- Responsible life phase change hormones
- External fertilisation algae,bony fishes,amphibians eg
- Internal fertilisation fungi,animal-reptiles,birds,mammal,plants-bryophyte,pteri,gymn,ang eg for
- Aquatic ecosystem pond,lake,wetland,river,estuary
- Entire biosphere regarded global ecosystem
- Stratification vertical distribution species occupyin levels
- Stratification trees top vertical strata shrubs herbs bottom
- Pond shallow simple sustained water body exhibit basic
- Climatic condition affect pond ecosystem solar input cycle
- Decomposers pond fungi,bacteria flagellates of
- Autotrophs pond perform ecosytem inorganic organic light heterotrophs
- Productivity rate biomass production the
- Unit productivity of
- Type productivity npp,gpp two of
- Gpp gross primary productivity rate production organic matter
- Secondary productivity rate formation organic matter consumers
- Primary productivity depend on plant species inhabiting area
- Decomposition breakdown complex organic matter by decomposers inorganic
- Steps decomposition a.fragmentation b.leaching c.catabolism d.humification e.mineralization
- Leaching process water soluble inorganic nutrients soil horizon
- Humification accumulation humus soil decompose slowly serves reserve
- Factors affecting decomposition chemical composition detritus climatic temp
- Temp decomposition climatic facter soil moisture affect warm
- Ecosystem obey 2nd law thermodyanamics constand supply energy
- Primary producers aquatic phytoplankton,algae,higher plant
- Gfc grazing food chain
- Dfc begins dead matters.it made decomposer saprotrophs heterotrophic
- Material decomposr degrade food produce enzyme breakdown dead
- Trophic level specific place organisms natural food chain
- 3rd trophic level birds fishes,wolf
- Food web interconnectionof chain called
- Standing crop trophic level mass living material aparticular
- Measured standing crop mass living organisms number in
- Trophic level gfc restricted transfer energy law
- Ecological pyramids represenaition food chain form pyramid called
- Higher energy lower levels is level-hrbivorous number carnivorous
- Inverted biomass examples pyramids insects feeding big tree
- Ecological succession a gradual slow predictable change species
- Community seral stages individual transitional termed
- Successive seral stage occur change i n diversity
- Primary succession newly cooled lava,bare rocks,newly created pond
- Succession secondary place area existed organism lost
- Species invade depend condition e soil,availibility water
- Stage convert seral succession earlier deforestation fire human
- Succession hydrarch takes place wetter areas.the series progress
- Primary succession rocks-xerophytic habitat 1.lichen-secrete acids dissolve rock
- Primary succesion water 1.phytoplankton 2.free floating angiosperms 3.rooted
- Standing state varies kind ecosystem seasonal basis
- Cycle nutrient types a.gaseous b.sedimentary
- Cycle gaseous reservoir exist atmosphere(nitrogen carbon
- Sedimentary cycle reservoir located earths crust(sulphur phosphorous
- Reservoir meets deficit nutrients due to imbalance ratte
- Reservoir c atm-1 orga(dry weight)-49 ocean-regualte atmospheric co2-71%
- Role human activities carbon cycle deforestation burning fossil
- Natural reservoir p rock(in form phosphates
- Ecosystem services products processes the
- Healthy ecosystem provide purify air d water habitat
- Contribution soil trillion of to
- Climatic regulation habitat wildlife rc
- Biotechnology deals techniques live organisms enzymes products processes
- Biotechnology-efb defines biotechnology integrationof natural science cells parts
- Genetic engineering technique ehich material chemically altered indroduced
- Sterile ambience traditionamethod leads inclusion multiplcation undesired gene
- Dna host basic step genetically modifying organism 1.identification
- Enzyme restriction found 1963-two responsible restricting growth bacteriophage
- Enzyme naming restriction ecori roman number =the order
- Type nuclease exonucleases endonucleases two
- Exonuclease remove nucleotides ends dna
- Endonucleases cut specific position dna
- Problem ethical issues unpredictable results patent biopiracy
- Cut specific restriciton endonuclease dna recognize sequence strands
- Sequence palindromic dna base pair reads direction orientation
- End sticky restriciton enzyme cut dna awy palindromic
- Protein recombinant encoding gene expressed heterologous host
- Process electrophorosis made move anode ve chargedunder electric
- Identified visualised staining ethidium bromide exposture uv rays-bright
- Cloning vector plasmid bacteriophage eg
- Feature cloning vector a.ori b.selectable marker c.cloning site
- Transformation procedure piece dna indroduced host bacterium
- Selectable marer e choli ampicilin chloramphenicol,tetracyclin kanamycin
- Alternate selectalbe marer chromogenic substrate lined enzyme alpha
- Deliver agrobacterium tumifaciens pathogen dicot plants t dna
- Dna ice making host competetnt hydrophilic passage cell
- Dna gene processes recombianat technology 1.isolation genetic material
- Biopiracy basmati rice herbal medicines turmeric neem
- Dna cutting specific location incubate purified restriction enzyme
- Primers small chemically synthesized oligonucleotides complementary region dna
- Ultimate aim recombinant dna technology produce desirable products
- Bioreactor vessels raw material biologically converted specific products
- Reactor facilitate mixing stirred tank cylindrical curved base
- Stream processing series processes seperation purification products biosynthetic
- Applications biotechnology a.biopharmaceuticals b.therapeutics c.diagnostics d.gmc agriculture e.processed
- Gmo plants bacteria fungi animals whise genes altered
- Reduce plants advantage gmo moretolerant abiotic stress chemical
- Protein kill insect ingest inactive toxin activated due
- Cryiac cryiiab cotton bollworm and
- Nematode meloidegayne incognito infecttion removed rna interference
- Rnai amethod cellular defense eukaryotic organisms.it prevents translation
- Nematode specific resisted gene indroduced produce sense antisense
- Structure insulin short polypeptide chain b linked disulphide
- Prohormone mammal insulin produced prohormone consisit extra structure
- Made artificial insulin dna sequence corres b seperately
- Gene therapy method correcting defect diagnosed ina child
- Gene therapy carried outo inserted person cell tissue
- Ada occurs h deletion gene fot ad crucial
- Early method curing ada bone marrow transplantation enzyme
- Molecular diafnosis recombinant dna technology pcr elisa
- Pcr ssdna ssrna tagged allowed hybridise complementary dna
- Animals transgenic whhose genome altered indroduction extra gene
- Study safety benefit transgenic animals normal physiology development
- Study contribution genes development disease investigation treatment cancer
- Vaccine safety mice monkeys and
- Biopiracy bioresources by multinational companies organisation proper authorisation
- Parts stamens a.filament b.anther two
- Anther terminal typically bilobed structure
- Layers microsporagium circular epidermis,endothecium,middle layer,tapetum
- Cells tapetum dense cytoplasm nucleas
- Sporogenous tissue gp homogenous cells occupies centre microsporangia
- Microsporogenesis formation microspore pmc meiosis is
- Microspore dissociated anther matures dehydrate
- Pollen grain spherical pico meter cytoplasm surrounded plasma
- Prop sporopollenin highly resistant enzyme,acid alkaly degrade
- Cells mature pollen grain vegetative generative
- Vegetative cells bigger abundent food reserve large irregularly
- Viability pollen grain depend temp humidity
- Leguminoseae,rosa,solan pollen volatality months
- Advantages pollen grain increase performance rich nutrients food
- Free pistil apocarpous
- Stigma landing platform pollen grains
- Ovary basal bulged part pistil
- Ovules papaya,watermelon,orchid many
- Megasporangium structure attached placenta means stalk-funicle
- Micropyle integuments encircle ovule expect tip small opening
- Nucellus enclosed integuments,there mass cells
- Monosporic developments conversion ovule form embryou sac
- Filiform synergid special cellular thickening micropylar tip-guide pollen
- Autogamy viola common pancy oxalis commelina
- Condition autogamy close synchrony the
- Seed consist of coat,cotyledons,an embryo axid
- Type autogamy a.chasmogamous b.cleistogamous two
- Cleisogamous anther stigma close assured seed set
- Geitogamy flower plant different same
- Xenogamy plants flower pollination in
- Agents pollination 1.abiotic 2.biotic of
- Large pollination condition anemophily amount pollen light sticky
- Hydrophilya vallisneria hydrilla(fresh water zostera marine sea grasses
- Vallisneria female reaches surfaceof water long stalk male
- Flowers features insect pollinated large colourful fragrant rich
- Outbreeding devices a.avoiding synchronization b.arrangement anther stigma position
- Autogamy production unisexual flower monoecious prevented dioecious plant
- Gamtes enters synergids through micropyle
- Double fertilisation syngamy triple fusion takes place
- Endosperm cell develop primary central triple fusion becomes
- Free nuclear endosperm common endosperm development pen undergoes
- Zygote give rise proembryo,globular heart shaped,mature embryo
- Fruits true plants develops ovary floral parts degenerate
- Sea grasses female flower remain submerged pollen grain
- Terror bengal = water hyacinth asexual reproduction
- Meiosis results production four megaspores
- Tortoise yrs 100-150
- Crocodile 60yrs
- Monoecious plant chara
- Dioecious plant marchantia
- Bisexual flower sweet potato
- Isogamous cladophora alga an
- Heterogamous fucus alga an
- Heterogamous homo sapiens
- Eyes potato
- Rhizome ginger
- Bulbil agave
- Leaf buds bryophyllum
- Offset water hyacinth
- Zoospores chlamydomonas
- Conidia penicillium
- Budding yeast
- Binary fission amoeba
- Cell wall formation occurs free-nuclear endosperm becomes cellular
- Organism’s habitat internal physiology factors collectively responsible reproduces
- Asexual reproduction single parent capable producing offspring result
- Term clone describe morphologically genetically similar individuals asexual
- Asexual reproduction common single-celled organisms plants animals simple
- Reproduction cell division mode asexual
- Yeast division unequal small buds are produced remain attached
- Amoeba favourable conditions return encysted divides multiple fission and
- Vegetative term asexual plants reproduction animals simple organisms
- Asexual reproduction organisms body breaks distinct pieces fragments
- Water hyacinth introduced india beautiful flowers shape leaves
- Nodes contact damp soil water produce roots plants
- Adventitious buds arise notches present margins leaves bryophyllum
- Mammals reproductively active reproductive phase called continuous breeders
- Hormones plants animals responsible transitions phases interaction environmental
- Reproduction organisms simple organisation algae fungi shift sexual
- Reproduction sexual mode present animals asexual
- Sexual reproduction fusion male female gametes results offspring
- Sexual study diverse organisms–plants animals fungi–show differ greatly
- Phase end juvenile vegetative marks beginning reproductive easily
- Plants–the annual biennial types show clear cut vegetative
- Phase reproductive animals juvenile morphological physiological prior active
- Eggs birds lay reproduction living nature seasonally captivity
- Females placental mammals exhibit cyclical activities ovaries accessory
- Events pre-fertilisation include sexual reproduction prior fusion gametes
- Algae gametes similar appearance categorise male female called
- Sexual reproduction sexuality organisms generally involves fusion gametes
- Plants male female reproductive structures bisexual unisexual sexual
- Plants monoecious cucurbits coconuts dioecious papaya date palm
- Sponge tapeworm leech typical examples bisexual animals possess
- Cockroach is unisexual species sexual reproduction pre-fertilisation events gametogenesis
- Organisms belonging monera fungi algae bryophytes haploid plant
- Embryo sac located nucellus female gametophyte ovule generally
- Meiosis reduction division occur diploid body produce haploid
- Gemmules sponge
- Gamete motile majority organisms male female stationary exceptions
- Number male gametes female large fail reach compensate
- Transfer pollen grains stigma bisexual self-fertilising plants e.g
- Gamete dioecious animals male female formed individuals organism
- Transfer sexual successful meeting gametes essential critical event
- Sexual reproduction vital event fertilisation pre-fertilisation events gamete
- Organisms fertilisation mentioned rotifers honeybees lizards birds turkey
- External aquatic organisms majority algae fishes amphibians syngamy
- Egg fuse male organisms formed inside female body
- Number sperms produced large significant reduction eggs seed
- Zygote life cycle organisms haploid development depends type
- Embryogenesis cell refers process development embryo zygote embryogenesis
- Cell form divisions increase number developing embryo differentiation
- Young attaining stage growth delivered body female organism
- Flowering plants zygote formed inside ovule fertilisation sepals
- Bisexual animal earthworm
- Unisexual animal cockroach
- Inflorescences formed bear floral buds flowers male female
- Called parts typical stamen long slender stalk filament
- Typical angiosperms anther bilobed lobe theca (dithecous
- Layers wall microsporangium generally surrounded epidermis endothecium middle
- Innermost wall layer tapetum nourishes developing pollen grains
- Microsporogenesis anther develops cells sporogenous tissue undergo meiotic divisions
- Pollen grains represent male gametophytes generally spherical measuring
- Pollen grains represent male gametophytes generally spherical measuring
- Cells enclosed integuments mass called nucellus abundant reserve
- Pollen grain cell wall called intine thin continuous
- Pollen grains shed angiosperms 2-celled stage remaining species
- Pollen grains species severe allergies bronchial afflictions in
- Pollen grains rich nutrients fashion recent years tablets
- Pollen consumption claimed increase performance athletes race horses
- Shed pollen grains land stigma lose viability bring
- Gynoecium pistil represents female reproductive part flower consist
- Pistils fused syncarpous free apocarpous three::number parts stigma
- Inside ovarian cavity ovary locule placenta located
- Ovule called funicle megasporangium small structure attached placenta
- Opposite micropylar end chalaza representing basal part ovule
- Mmc a large cell dense cytoplasm prominent nucleus mmc
- Megaspore functional develops female gametophyte embryo sac method
- 8-nucleate stage cell walls laid leading organisation typical
- Nuclei surrounded cell walls organised remaining called polar
- Egg three cells grouped micropylar end constitute apparatus
- Cells chalazal end and called antipodals
- Transfer pollen grains anther stigma pistil termed pollination
- Normal flower opens exposes anthers stigma complete autogamy
- Stigma autogamy flowers requires synchrony pollen release receptivity
- Flowers anthers stigma autogamous lie close dehisce buds
- Cleistogamous flowers produce assured seed-set absence pollinators
- Geitonogamy transfer pollen grains anther stigma flower plant
- Geitonogamy functionally cross-pollination involving pollinating agent genetically similar
- Flowers animal pollinated plants specifically adapted species
- Pollen grains pollination xenogamy transfer anther stigma plant
- Agents plants pollination abiotic biotic two::number wind water
- Pollen grains pollination coming contact stigma chance factor
- Wind pollination common abiotic requires pollen grains light
- Wind-pollination common grasses is quite
- Water pollination rare flowering plants limited 30::number genera
- Water female flowers reach surface pollen grains released
- Pollen grains species long ribbon carried passively inside
- Wind water pollinated flowers colourful produce nectar
- Pollinating agents majority flowering plants range animals bees
- Flowers majority insect-pollinated large colourful fragrant rich nectar
- Rewards sustain animal visits flowers provide nectar pollen
- Animal carrying pollen body contact stigma brings pollination
- Devices plants outbreeding majority flowering produce hermaphrodite flowers
- Outbreeding devices prevent autogamy
- Device prevent inbreeding self-incompatibility the
- Device prevent self-pollination production unisexual flowers male female
- Male female species papaya flowers present plants dioecy
- Type pollen species wrong pollen-pistil interaction pollination guarantee
- Pollen type pistil accepts promotes post-pollination events that leads
- Pollen dialogue mediated chemical components of interacting pistil recent
- Pollen grain germinates stigma produce tube germ pores
- Pollen pointed earlier pollen-pistil interaction dynamic process involving
- Female parent bears bisexual flowers removal anthers bud
- Emasculated flowers covered bag suitable size generally made
- Stigma bagged flower attains receptivity mature pollen grains
- Male entering synergids pollen tube releases gametes cytoplasm
- Termed triple involves fusion haploid nuclei types syngamy
- Cell endosperm develops central triple fusion primary pec
- Endosperm development precedes embryo
- Endosperm primary cell divides repeatedly forms triploid tissue
- Embryo develops micropylar end sac zygote situated divide
- Embryos monocotyledons possess cotyledon grass family called scutellum
- Lower end embryonal axis radical root cap enclosed
- Portion embryonal axis level attachment scutellum epicotyl shoot
- Cotyledons of embryo simple structures generally thick swollen
- Seeds endosperm completely embryo development e.g nonalbuminous residual
- Nucellus occasionally seeds black pepper beet remnants persistent
- Seed matures water content reduced dry cent moisture
- Ovary ovules develops fruit wall mature seeds i.e
- Fruits fleshy guava orange mango dry groundnut mustard
- Fruits develop ovary called true
- Fruits species results fertilisation develop called parthenocarpic fruits.
- Banana parthenocarpy induced application growth hormones fruits seedless
- Seeds basis agriculture dehydration dormancy mature crucial storage
- Seed record years oldest lupine lupinus arcticus excavated arctic
- Fruits orchid category thousands tiny seeds similar case
- Seeds general products fertilisation flowering plants species asteraceae
- Apomixis form asexual reproduction mimics sexual
- Embryo sac citrus mango varieties nucellar cells surrounding
- Occurrence embryo seed referred polyembryony
- Hybrids cultivation tremendously increased productivity problems seeds produced
- Hybrid seeds year made apomicts segregation characters progeny
- Apomixis hybrid importance seed industry active research laboratories
- Flowers animals attracted colour and/or fragrance pollinated flies
- Gametes male female flowering plants produced pollen grain
- Depending source pollen pollination divided types
- Autogamy type pollination achieved flower transfer pollen grains
- Flowers plants viola common pansy oxalis commelina produce
- Wind easily polinated plants possess well-exposed stamens pollens
- Flowers windpollinated single ovule ovary numerous packed inflorescence
- Bryophytes pteridophytes distribution limited water transport male gametes
- Water pollinated aquatic plants examples plants are c3::vallisneria hydrilla
- Animals insects bees dominant biotic pollinating agents larger
- Animal harvesting reward flower visitor contact anthers stigma
- Flower species floral rewards providing safe places lay
- Moth species plant eggs symbiointic relationship exists yucca
- Stigma pollen species receptive release and receptivity synchronised released
- Pollen self-incompatibility genetic mechanism prevents self-pollen flower plant
- Pollen pistil wrong type rejects preventing germination stigma
- Pollen tube plants cell generative grows tissues stigma
- Pollen enters plants shed three-celled condition tubes carry
- Pollen recent studies shown filiform apparatus present micropylar
- Pollen artificial hybridisation major approaches crop improvement programme
- Female flower parent produces unisexual emasculation buds bagged
- Syngamy results formation diploid cell zygote male gamete
- Double fertilisation events endosperm embryo development maturation ovule
- Endosperm common type development pen undergoes successive nuclear
- Seed endosperm completely consumed developing embryo e.g pea
- Seeds differ greatly early stages embryo development embryogeny
- Zygote rise proembryo subsequently globular heart-shaped mature embryo
- Embryonal axis typical dicotyledonous embryo consists cotyledons portion
- Root cylindrical portion level cotyledons hypocotyl terminates lower
- Seed angiosperms final product sexual reproduction fertilised ovule
- Seed integuments ovules harden tough protective coats micropyle
- Embryo enter state inactivity called dormancy favourable conditions
- Fruit plants time develops ovary floral parts degenerate
- Seeds offer advantages angiosperms firstly reproductive processes pollination
- Seeds adaptive strategies dispersal habitats species colonise areas
- Hard seed coat protection young embryo products sexual
- Seeds species lose viability months large number live
- Ways development apomictic seeds species diploid egg cell
- Seeds hybrid collected sown plants progeny segregate maintain
- Reproduction called non-primate mammals cows sheep rats deers
- Mammals living natural wild conditions exhibit cycles favourable
- Phase age end reproductive considered parameters senescence concomitant
- Sexual reproduction events attainment maturity sexually reproducing organisms
- Sexual reproduction events elaborate complex follow regular sequence
- Sequential events grouped distinct stages pre-fertilisation fertilisation post-fertilisation
- Gametes gametogenesis refers process formation types male female
- Hormonal structural initiated lead differentiation development floral primordium
- Organisms gamete called majority sexually reproducing produced morphologically
- Terms fungi plants homothallic monoecious denote bisexual condition
- Flowering plants male bearing female unisexual flower staminate
- Gametes haploid division parent cell formation heterogametic species
- Diploid organisms specialised cells called meiocytes gamete mother
- Formation male female gametes physically brought facilitate fusion
- Medium gamete transfer male move simple plants algae
- Pollen grains seed plants carriers male gametes ovule
- Pollen transfer grains male gametes cross pollinating plants
- Fertilisation sexual reproduction syngamy vital event fusion gametes
- Large number offspring organisms exhibiting external fertilisation show
- Terrestrial organisms belonging fungi higher animals reptiles birds
- Events sexual post-fertilisation reproduction formation zygote called reproduction
- Zygote external fertilisation formed formation di ploid universal
- Zygote vital link ensures continuity species organisms generation
- Animals categorised oviparous viviparous based development zygote takes
- Animals young oviparous reptiles birds fertilised eggs covered
- Develops pistil remains attached plant zygote embryo ovules
- Buds hydra
- Reproductive androecium consists whorl stamens representing male organ
- Proximal end filament attached thalamus petal flower number
- Anther a longitudinal groove runs lengthwise separating theca
- Anther young group compactly arranged homogenous cells called sporogenous
- Cell microspore pollen mother sporogenous tissue capable giving
- Microspores formed arranged cluster four::number cells–the tetrad anthers
- Inside microsporangium thousands microspores pollen grains are formed released
- Pollen grains c represent male gametophytes generally spherical
- Sporopollenin exine enzyme degrades c5 pollen grain}}'s prominent
- Vegetative cell shaped nucleus cytoplasm bigger abundant food
- Parthenium carrot grass india contaminant imported wheat ubiquitous
- Pollen viability period grains remain viable highly variable extent
- Pollen banks store grains large number species years
- Part stigma serves landing platform pollen grains style
- Ovules arising placenta megasporangia commonly called number ovary
- Ovule called hilum represents junction funicle protective envelopes
- Megaspore mother cell the process formation called megasporogenesis
- Female gametophyte majority flowering plants megaspores functional degenerate
- Nucleus functional megaspore divides mitotically form nuclei move
- Divisions mitotic nuclear sequential result formation 4-nucleate 8-nucleate
- Synergids special cellular thickenings micropylar tip called filiform
- Large central cell mentioned earlier polar nuclei typical
- Period birth natural death organism represents life span
- Individual immortal single-celled organisms no
- Butterfly weeks 1 to 2
- Crow 15yrs
- Parrot 140yrs
- Reproduction defined biological process organism rise young offspring
- Process based participation organism reproduction types offspring produced
- Single-celled organisms reproduce binary fission cell divides halves
- Unfavourable condition amoeba withdraws pseudopodia secretes three-layered hard
- Asexual reproductive common structures members kingdom fungi simple
- Water hyacinth invasive weeds found growing standing water.it
- Plantlets potato sugarcane banana ginger dahlia arise nodes
- Sexual reproduction form involves formation male female gametes
- Growth phase organisms reach stage maturity life reproduce
- Plants exhibit unusual flowering phenomenon bamboo species flower
- Large plant strobilanthus kunthiana neelakuranji flowers years flowered
- Manganese helps splitting water in
- Zinc activates carboxylase synthesis auxin
- Phase g1 g2 rna synthesized replication organelles
- Viroids discovered diener pstv lacks protein coat free
- Prions abnormally folded protein bse cattle cr jacob
- Cartilage found elastic epiglottis catalyst external ear trachea
- Asexual reproduction budding yeast hydra
- Herbarium quick referral system dried preserved plants label
- Chrysophytes cell wall soap box structure
- Type epithelial tissue epithelium squamous walls blood vessels
- Type epithelial tissue cuboidal epithelium ducts glands tubular
- Type epithelial tissue ciliated epithelium surface hollow organs
- Type epithelial tissue compound columnar epithelium larynx mammary
- Type epithelial tissue gland duct compound cuboidal epithelium
- Glucose julius von sachs provided evidence production plants
- Engelmann action spectrum described the
- Chromatogram chlorophyll bright green blue-green
- Element required molybdenum nitrogenase nitrate reductase
- Element required iron peroxidase catalase
- Phosphorus constituent cell membranes proteins nucleic acids nucleotides
- Required cell formation calcium systematic differentiating tissues wall
- Structure magnesium involved synthesis dna rna constituent ring
- Iron required larger amounts compared micronutrients essential element
- Molybdenum required nitrogenase nitrate reductase
- Identify free-living aerobic symbiotic azotobacter beijernikia azospirillum anabaena
- Identify free living anaerobic rhodospirillum clostridium
- Phase g2 tubulin protein synthesized organelles mitochondria chloroplast
- Formed phase stage zygotene synapsis occurs synaptonemal complex
- Phase diakinesis marked terminalisation chiasmata end nucleolus disappear
- Sort excretion ureotellism mammals terrestrial amphibians marine fish
- Sort excretion uricotelism reptiles birds snails insects
- Joints fibrous types skull bones
- Phase attain size cell maturation maximal terms wall
- Fruit promotes ethylene synchronises set pineapple ripening tomatoes
- Formed limbs digits end month
- Trimester body hair eyelids separate eyelashes formed
- Cycling chemosynthetic bacteria chemoautotrophs nitrobacter nitrococcus nitrogen recycling
- Asexual reproduction fragmentation fungi spores filamentous algae protonema
- Key analytical nature in
- Bacteria heterotrophic lactic acid type nitrogen fixers rhizobium
- Type epithelial tissue lining columnar epithelium stomach intestine
- Type epithelial tissue surface compound squamous epithelium dry
- Element required magnesium rubisco pepcase
- Element required zinc alcohol dehydrogenase carboxylase carbonic anhydrase
- Required nitrogen essential element parts plant major constituent
- Protein synthesis potassium required abundant quantities meristematic tissues
- Present sulphur amino acids methionine cysteine coenzymes vitamins
- Required boron uptake utilisation calcium normal membrane functioning
- Cartilage present ends skeleton hyaline weakest long bones
- Cartilage body present fibrous strongest rigid pubic symphysis
- Cartilage present calcified suprascapula frog vertebrae sharks
- Air plants joseph priestley reveal essential role growth
- Jan ingenhousz showed sunlight essential plant process purifies
- Joints cartilaginous types adjacent vertebrae
- Phase place cell elongation increased vacuolation enlargement apposition
- Promote auxins flowering pineapples abscission mature leaves fruits
- Promotes early seed gibberellins acetate units acetyl coenzyme
- Helps formation cytokinins produced locations rapid cell division
- Seedlings promotes growth dicot initiates ethylene horizontal swelling
- End month heart formed embryo called foetus
- Month movements baby hair head foetus
- Phase synthesized g1 cell metabolically active proteins synthesised
- Phase doubled s centrioles duplicate histones produced dna
- Meiosis leptotene chromosomes gradually visible stage compaction continues
- Pachytene chromosomes divalents visible tetrads recombination nodules crossing
- Diplotene dissolution synaptonemal complex begins homologous chromosomes separate
- Internal fertilization external:type reptiles birds majority plants
- Sort excretion aquatic ammonotelism bony fish amphibians insects
- Elastic cartilage colour yellow
- Elastic cartilage bent can be
- Word tissue father histology bichat
- Tissue word plant n grew
- Types tissue epithelial connective muscular nervous
- Epithelial tissue origin layer from
- Nervous tissue derived ectoderm from
- Layer developed embryonic development epithelial
- Avascular tissue layer epithelial
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