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NEET Biology ug

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Stages reach reproduction juveline-physio morpho chang-repro
Primates cows,sheep,rat,deer,dog,tiger non
Primates monkey,apes,human
Productivity rate biomass production the
Unit productivity of
Type productivity npp,gpp two of
Cycle nutrient types a.gaseous b.sedimentary
Type nuclease exonucleases endonucleases two
Exonuclease remove nucleotides ends dna
Endonucleases cut specific position dna
Type autogamy a.chasmogamous b.cleistogamous two
Chasmogamous exposed anther stigma and
Cleisogamous anther stigma close assured seed set
Geitogamy flower plant different same
Xenogamy plants flower pollination in
Agents pollination 1.abiotic 2.biotic of
Mosaic viral disease tobacco turnip
Meristem free virus from the
Meristem tissue culture banana,sugarcane,potato eg
Abiotic factors temp,water light,soil eg
Temp ecological relevant environmental factors
Death rates refer capita to
Sex ratio population a has
Abingdon goat galapogas the and
Bamboo flower yrs lifetime once
Strobilanthus kunthiana flowers years once
Reproduction process organism rise young similar
Life span period birth natural death organism represent
Organism death unicellular with no
Ls elephant of 50
Ls dog of 22
Ls butterfly of 2
Ls crow of 15
Ls cow of 22
Ls parrot of 14
Ls crocodile of 60
Horse 40
Fruit fly week 2
Tortoise 100
Reproduction ensures continuity species what
Hw types reproduction asexual sexual
Speciality asexual reproduction clone,similar,unicellular single parent
Type asexual reproduction fission,budding,vegetative propagation
Fission protists monerans eg for
Type fissio binary multiple two
Binary fission ameoba paramecium eg
Multiple fission amoeba plasmodium eg
Budding small bud,mature,detach,new
Budding hydra,sponge,yeast eg for
Asexual reproductive structure zoospore,conidia,gemmules other
Zoospores algae protist microscopic motile structure
Conidia pencillium
Gemmules sponge
Vegeatative propagules runner,rhizome,sucker,tuber,offset,bulb eg for
Vegetative propagation buds potato,banana,ginger form notches bryophyllum
Juveline phase period growth reach maturity sexual reproduction
Understant end vegetative phase flowering
Annual binneal plant show perrinial clear cut vegetative
Unusual floweing bamboo srobilanthus kunthiana
Oestrous mentrous cycle change undergo activities ovary,accesory duct
Scenesce concomitant occur what happens
Responsible life phase change hormones
Events sexual reproduction prefertilisation.fertilisation post fertilisation
Prefertilisation consist of gametogenesis gamate transfer
Homogametes algae gametes similar chatagorise genders
Heterogamates male female gamtes distinguished
Male female gamates called antherozoids egg
Dioecious plants papaya date palm
Monoecious cucurbits cocunut eg for
Homothallic bisexual
Heterothallic unisexual
Hermaphrodites bisexual animal
Bisexual animal earthworm,leech,sponge,tapeworm eg for
Animals unisexual cockroach higher eg
Haploid meiocytes monera,fungi,algae,bryophytes eg for
Diploid moecyte pteridophytes,gymnosperm,angiosperm,animals eg for
Syngamy process fusion gamates form zygote
Parthanogenic animal rotifers,honeybee,lizard,birds eg for
Aprthanogenesis female gamates develops organism fertilisation
Types fertilisation internal external of
External fertilisation algae,bony fishes,amphibians eg
Internal fertilisation fungi,animal-reptiles,birds,mammal,plants-bryophyte,pteri,gymn,ang eg for
Occurs process embryogenesis division differentiation cell
Ecosystem functional unit nature living organisms interact surrounding
Terrestial ecosystem forest grassland,desert
Aquatic ecosystem pond,lake,wetland,river,estuary
Man made ecosystem crop fields aquariums
Entire biosphere regarded global ecosystem
Function unit ecosystem biotic abiotic
Stratification vertical distribution species occupyin levels
Stratification trees top vertical strata shrubs herbs bottom
Basic components functioning ecosystem 1.productivity 2.decomposition 3.energy flow
Pond shallow simple sustained water body exhibit basic
Abiotic components ponds water rich soil deposit bottom
Climatic condition affect pond ecosystem solar input cycle
Autotrophic components pond phytoplanktons,algae,floating,submerged marginal plants
Consumers ponds zooplanktons,free swimming and bottom dwelling forms
Decomposers pond fungi,bacteria flagellates of
Autotrophs pond perform ecosytem inorganic organic light heterotrophs
Primary production amount biomass organic matter produced unit
Unit primary production of
Gpp gross primary productivity rate production organic matter
Npp net primary productivity gpp-r(respiration loss
Secondary productivity rate formation organic matter consumers
Primary productivity depend on plant species inhabiting area
Annula net primary productivity billion tons dry weight-70
Decomposition breakdown complex organic matter by decomposers inorganic
Dead detritus plant remainingsuch leaves bark,flowers remains animal,including
Steps decomposition a.fragmentation b.leaching c.catabolism d.humification e.mineralization
Fragmentation breakdown detrirus smaller particles detritovores-earthworm
Leaching process water soluble inorganic nutrients soil horizon
Catabolism degradation detritus simpler inorganic substance bacterial fungal
Humification accumulation humus soil decompose slowly serves reserve
Mineralization releasse inorganic nutrients dueto degradation humus microbes
Factors affecting decomposition chemical composition detritus climatic temp
Detritus chemical composition decomposition rate slow rich lignin
Temp decomposition climatic facter soil moisture affect warm
Energy source sun deep sea hydro thermal ecosytem
Par sun photosynthetically active radiation
Plant capture par 2-10 of
Ecosystem obey 2nd law thermodyanamics constand supply energy
Producers organism depend food all
Primary producers aquatic phytoplankton,algae,higher plant
Beginning detritus food chain death organism
Simple grazing foodchain grass goat-man
Gfc grazing food chain
Dfc begins dead matters.it made decomposer saprotrophs heterotrophic
Decomposers meet energy degrading dead organic matteror detritus
Material decomposr degrade food produce enzyme breakdown dead
Aquatic ecosystem major conduit energy gfc
Terrestial major conduit energy is dfc
Trophic level specific place organisms natural food chain
1st trophic level phytoplanktons,grass trees
2nd trophic level zooplanktons grasshoper,cow
3rd trophic level birds fishes,wolf
4th trophic level man,lion
Food web interconnectionof chain called
Standing crop trophic level mass living material aparticular
Measured standing crop mass living organisms number in
Trophic level gfc restricted transfer energy law
Levels law energy transfered trophic lower
Ecological pyramids represenaition food chain form pyramid called
Types ecological pyramids a.pyramid number b.pyramid biomass c.pyramid
Higher energy lower levels is level-hrbivorous number carnivorous
Inverted biomass examples pyramids insects feeding big tree
Energy lost form heat how
Ecological pyramids limitaion account thesame species belonging trophic
Ecological succession a gradual slow predictable change species
Community climax equilibrium environment that
Succession leads incerease number decline species
Sere entire sequence community successively change area
Community seral stages individual transitional termed
Successive seral stage occur change i n diversity
Succession evolution parallel earlier times
Succession types primary secondary is
Succession primary takes place li ving organism existed
Primary succession newly cooled lava,bare rocks,newly created pond
Primary succession speed slow very
Succession secondary place area existed organism lost
Forsecondary succession abondoned farmland,brned cut forest,land flooded
Species invade depend condition e soil,availibility water
Succession vegetation affect food shelter of organism
Stage convert seral succession earlier deforestation fire human
Types succession plant hydrarch xerarch
Succession hydrarch takes place wetter areas.the series progress
Xerarch succession takes place dry areas.the series progress
Succesion leads to medium water condition-mesic
Species invading bare area called pioneer
Primary succession rocks-xerophytic habitat 1.lichen-secrete acids dissolve rock
Remain climax community stable long environment unchanged
Primary succesion water 1.phytoplankton 2.free floating angiosperms 3.rooted
Standing state amount nutrient carbon,nitrogen,phosphorous calcium present soiil
Standing state varies kind ecosystem seasonal basis
Nutrient cycle(biogeochemical cycles movement elements components acosystem
Cycle gaseous reservoir exist atmosphere(nitrogen carbon
Sedimentary cycle reservoir located earths crust(sulphur phosphorous
Rate release nutrient based soil moisture,ph,temperature
Reservoir meets deficit nutrients due to imbalance ratte
Reservoir c atm-1 orga(dry weight)-49 ocean-regualte atmospheric co2-71%
C cycle occur atmo,ocean,living dead organism
C fixed photosyntheses kg how
Lost amount c how sediment removed circulation
Role human activities carbon cycle deforestation burning fossil
Reaervoir p constituent biological membrane,nucleic acid,cellular enrgy transfer
Natural reservoir p rock(in form phosphates
P cycle flowchart refer text book
Difference b/w c andp cycle refer text
Ecosystem services products processes the
Healthy ecosystem provide purify air d water habitat
Price tagged nature life support servicess robert constanza
Price ecosystem service trillion dollar global gross national
Contribution soil trillion of to
Recreation nutrient cycle trillion and
Climatic regulation habitat wildlife rc
Biotechnology deals techniques live organisms enzymes products processes
Efb european federaion biotechnoly of
Biotechnology-efb defines biotechnology integrationof natural science cells parts
Gene biotechnology deals microbe mediated invitro synthesis preparation
Principle biotechnology a.genetic engineering b.maintanace sterile ambience
Genetic engineering technique ehich material chemically altered indroduced
Sterile ambience traditionamethod leads inclusion multiplcation undesired gene
Recombinanat dna emerged possibility linking gene antibiotic resistance
Isolated antibiotic resistance gene stanley cohen herbert boyer
Dna host basic step genetically modifying organism 1.identification
Tools recombinant dna technology 1.restriction enzyme 2.cloning vector
Enzyme restriction found 1963-two responsible restricting growth bacteriophage
Restriction endonuclease hind ii first
Sequence recognition pair restriction enzymes cut
Restriction enzyme found strain bacteria
Enzyme naming restriction ecori roman number =the order
Cut specific restriciton endonuclease dna recognize sequence strands
Sequence palindromic dna base pair reads direction orientation
End sticky restriciton enzyme cut dna awy palindromic
Pros sticky ends form h bond complementary cut
Gel electrophorosis dna fragments formed restriction enzyme seperated
Process electrophorosis made move anode ve chargedunder electric
Smaller sized fragments move faster
Identified visualised staining ethidium bromide exposture uv rays-bright
Gel elution seperated dna bands cu agarose extracted
Cloning vectors dna molecule carry foreign dna segment
Cloning vector plasmid bacteriophage eg
Feature cloning vector a.ori b.selectable marker c.cloning site
Ori sequence replication starts piece dna linked replicate
Transformanants selectable marker helps select
Transformation procedure piece dna indroduced host bacterium
Selectable marer e choli ampicilin chloramphenicol,tetracyclin kanamycin
Gene ligation alien carried antibiotic resistance
Alternate selectalbe marer chromogenic substrate lined enzyme alpha
Deliver agrobacterium tumifaciens pathogen dicot plants t dna
Retrovirus transform normal cells cancerous
Dna ice making host competetnt hydrophilic passage cell
Method indroduce alien dna host cell micro injection
Microinjection recombinant dna directly injected nucleas animal cell
Biolistic cells ombareded high velocity micro particle gold
Dna gene processes recombianat technology 1.isolation genetic material
Isolation genetic material cell treated enzymes lysozyme bacteria
Rna removed ribonucleases how is
Dna precipitated treated chilled ethanol
Dna cutting specific location incubate purified restriction enzyme
Pcr synthesis mulitiple copies gene interest in vitro
Primers small chemically synthesized oligonucleotides complementary region dna
Dna polymerease extend primers nucleotide genomic amplified 1billion
Amplification thermostable dna polymerease thermus aquaticus
Ultimate aim recombinant dna technology produce desirable products
Protein recombinant encoding gene expressed heterologous host
Bioreactor large produce quantities products volumes of culture
Bioreactor vessels raw material biologically converted specific products
Reactor facilitate mixing stirred tank cylindrical curved base
System control bioreactor agitator oxygen delivery foam temp
Stream processing series processes seperation purification products biosynthetic
Applications biotechnology a.biopharmaceuticals b.therapeutics c.diagnostics d.gmc agriculture e.processed
Critical reserch areas a.providing catalyst form improved organism
Food production agriculture options increasing a.agro chemical bassed
Gmo plants bacteria fungi animals whise genes altered
Reduce plants advantage gmo moretolerant abiotic stress chemical
Pest resistant plants bio pesticides eg-bt cotton,rice,tomato,potato,soyabean
Bt bacillus thuringensis
Bt kill coleopterans-beetles lepidopterans-tobacco budworm dipterans-flies mosquitoes
Protein doesnt kill bt exist inactive protoxin
Protein kill insect ingest inactive toxin activated due
Protein kill toxin bind surface midgut epithelial cells
Gene produce protein cry which
Cryiac cryiiab cotton bollworm and
Cryiab corn borer
Nematode meloidegayne incognito infecttion removed rna interference
Rnai amethod cellular defense eukaryotic organisms.it prevents translation
Rna source comlpemntary infection viruses mobile genetic element
Transpons mobile gentic elements
Nematode specific resisted gene indroduced produce sense antisense
Recombinant medicine goo mass production safe effective therapeutic
Gmo medicine certified india how
Structure insulin short polypeptide chain b linked disulphide
Prohormone mammal insulin produced prohormone consisit extra structure
Found artificial insulin eli lilly american company
Made artificial insulin dna sequence corres b seperately
Gene therapy method correcting defect diagnosed ina child
Gene therapy carried outo inserted person cell tissue
Gene therapy year girls ada(adenosine deaminasse deficiency
Ada occurs h deletion gene fot ad crucial
Early method curing ada bone marrow transplantation enzyme
Ada gene therapy lymphocyte grown culture cdna indroduced
Molecular diafnosis recombinant dna technology pcr elisa
Detect pcr diagnosis hiv powerful mutation
Pcr ssdna ssrna tagged allowed hybridise complementary dna
Antigen antibody elisa based principle interaction protein,glycoprotein pathogen
Animals transgenic whhose genome altered indroduction extra gene
Study safety benefit transgenic animals normal physiology development
Study factors normal physiology development transgenic animals geneare
Study contribution genes development disease investigation treatment cancer
Biological products alpha antitripsin treat emphysema pku cystic
Rosie protein enriched milk.alpha lactalbumin balanced human beings
Vaccine safety mice monkeys and
Toxxicity testingos compare tran toxic environment
Problem ethical issues unpredictable results patent biopiracy
Geac genetic engineering approval committee
Biopiracy basmati rice herbal medicines turmeric neem
Varieties basumati in india of how
Biopiracy bioresources by multinational companies organisation proper authorisation
Plants shows sexual reproduction angiosperm
Flowers morphological embryological structures sites reproduction
Androecium whorls stamens of
Parts stamens a.filament b.anther two
Filament long slender stalk.its proximal attached thalamus petal
Anther terminal typically bilobed structure
Theca dithecous longitudinal grooves runs length wise seperating
Layers microsporagium circular epidermis,endothecium,middle layer,tapetum
Fn tapetum nourishes the developing pollen grain
Cells tapetum dense cytoplasm nucleas
Sporogenous tissue gp homogenous cells occupies centre microsporangia
Cell convert microspore tetrad sporogenous tissue
Tetrad potential pollen each of
Microsporogenesis formation microspore pmc meiosis is
Microspore dissociated anther matures dehydrate
Pollen grain spherical pico meter cytoplasm surrounded plasma
Layer pollen exine intine two
Exine hard outer layer.made sporopollenin
Prop sporopollenin highly resistant enzyme,acid alkaly degrade
Sporopolleninis absent germ pore aperture
Intine wall thin continuos layer made cellulose pectin
Cells mature pollen grain vegetative generative
Vegetative cells bigger abundent food reserve large irregularly
Generative cells small floats cytoplasm vegetative spindle shaped
Celled pollen grains sheds stages
Viability pollen grain depend temp humidity
Viability cereals 30min of
Leguminoseae,rosa,solan pollen volatality months
Cons parthenium chronic asthma bronchitis
Advantages pollen grain increase performance rich nutrients food
Single pistil monocarpellery
Pistil multipicarpallary more than one
Fused pistil syncarpous
Free pistil apocarpous
Parts pistiils stigma style ovary
Stigma landing platform pollen grains
Style elongated slender part beneath stigma
Ovary basal bulged part pistil
Locule ovarian the
Ovules megasporangia
Ovules plants wheat paddy eg
Ovules papaya,watermelon,orchid many
Megasporangium structure attached placenta means stalk-funicle
Hilum junction body ovule funicle fuse
Integuments ovule protective envelopes each
Micropyle integuments encircle ovule expect tip small opening
Chalaza opposite micropylar end the
Nucellus enclosed integuments,there mass cells
Nucellus reserve food material contain
Embryo sac located nucellus is
Megasporo genesis
Monosporic developments conversion ovule form embryou sac
Egg apparatus cells synergids 2
Filiform synergid special cellular thickening micropylar tip-guide pollen
Antipodal cells chalazal end the
Central nucleas 2
Autogamy flower same
Autogamy viola common pancy oxalis commelina
Condition autogamy close synchrony the
Large pollination condition anemophily amount pollen light sticky
Anemophily corncob-wave tassels winds eg
Hydrophily water
Hydrophilya vallisneria hydrilla(fresh water zostera marine sea grasses
Vallisneria female reaches surfaceof water long stalk male
Sea grasses female flower remain submerged pollen grain
Entomophily insects
Flowers features insect pollinated large colourful fragrant rich
Amrphophallus yucca deposit egg in locule
Pollen robbers insects consume nector bringing pollination
Outbreeding devices a.avoiding synchronization b.arrangement anther stigma position
Synchronization avoiding pollen release stigma receptivity
Incompatibility a genetic mechanism prevent pollen fertilization inhibiting
Autogamy production unisexual flower monoecious prevented dioecious plant
Pollen pistil interaction dynamic process involving recognistion promotion
Pollen pistil interaction place chemical components produced
Gamtes enters synergids through micropyle
Double fertilisation syngamy triple fusion takes place
Endosperm cell develop primary central triple fusion becomes
Post fertilisation endosperm embryo development
Endosperm triploid cell primary divides repeatedly forms tissue
Endosperm cells filled reserve materual
Free nuclear endosperm common endosperm development pen undergoes
Free nuclear cocunut water eg
Mono dicot embryogeny early embryonic development
Zygote give rise proembryo,globular heart shaped,mature embryo
Embryo develop micropylar end sac zygote situated
Grass family cotyledon called scutellum
Seed consist of coat,cotyledons,an embryo axid
Albuminous seed pea groundnut,beans non
Albuminous seed wheat,maize barley,castor,coconut,sunflower
Perisperm remnant nucellus present-black pepper,beet
Wall ovvary pericarp of
Fleshy fruit guava,orange,mango
Dry fruits groundnuts,mustards
Fruits types true fuits false
Fruits true plants develops ovary floral parts degenerate
False fruits thalamus contribute formation
False fruits apple strawberry eg
Advantages seeds colonize areas food reserve protect young
Lupine-lupinus arcticus artic tundra years
Date palm-phoenix dactylifera 2000.king herods
Apomixis production seeds fertilisation eg.asteraceae grasses
Polyembryo nucellar cells surrounding embryo sac divide protrud
Importance apomixis produce year lose hybrid character costly
Animal husbandary agricultutal oractitice breeding raising livestock applying
Animal husbandary deals care breeding live stock poultary
Management dairy farm animals increasing yield quality milk
Milk yield depend quality breed farm
Yield potential looked after feeding cattle stringent cleaning
Regular hw ensure hygiene inspection visit vetenary doctor
Poultry domesticated birds food eggs
Poultry chicken,ducks,turkey geese eg for
Farm components poultry management selection disease free suitable
Breed gp animals related similar general appearence features,size
Organism breeding modification genotype make humans
Animal aim breeding increase yield improving desirable qualities
Type of breeding a.inbreeding b.ourbreeding
Inbreeding mating closely related individuals breed generation
Process inbreeding superiormale female mated progeny method repeated
Gene advantage inbreedinf increse homozygosity evolve pure line
Inbreeding depression continued close reduce fertility productivity
Change inbreeding deppression mated unrelated superior animal breed
Breeding unrelated animals out it
Breeding type crossing,cross interspecific hybridisation
Crossing mating animals breed common ancestor side pedigree
Offspring crossing cross of our
Pros outcrossing overcome inbreeding depression low productivity,growth rate
Cross breeding method,superior male mated superior female breed
Fn cross breeding commercial subjected inbreedingand selection stable
Cross breeding hisardale sheep developed punjab crossing bikaneri
Inter specific hybridisation mating male female species
Interspecific hybridisation mule eg for
Moet multiple ovulation embryo transfer technology
Moet programme herd improvement cow administered fsh activity
Apiculture maintanace hives honey bee production honey
Bee pros honey high nutritive medicinal wax cosmetics
Important points successful bee-keeping knowledge nature habir selection
Bees pollinator of sunflower brassica apple pear
Fisheries industry catching processing selling fish,shellfish aquatic animals(prawn
Freshwater fishes catla,rohu common carp
Marine fish hilsa,sardines,mackeral,pomfrets
Aqua culture pisciculture are techniques increase production aquatic
Blue revolution development flourishing fishing industries
Plant breeding purposeful manipulation species order create desirable
Green revolution development flourishing agriculture.it dependent plant breeding
Classical plant breeding involves hybridisation of pure lines
Desirable genes breeders incorporate crop yield,quality tolerance environmental
Parents steps breeding collection genetic variability evaluation selection
Germplasm collection entire collectionof plants seeds alleles genes
Collection genetic variability preservation wild varieties,species relatives cultivated
Evaluation selection parents germplasm evaluated identify plants desirable
Cross parents hybridisation selected desirable character combined plants.this
Desirable limitation cross hybridisation time consuming combine character
Selection testing superior recombinant crucial success breeding objective
Testing release commercialization evaluated yield agronomic traits quality
Field test grown research ideal fertilizers management strategy
Increase wheat production 11m 75m rice35m-89.5m
Indroduced semi dwarf whear nobel naurate norman e.borlayg(international
High yield disease resistent wheat india sonalika kalyan
Rice semi dwarf derived ir-8(international research institute taichung
Semi dwarf rice variety india jaya ratna
Cane saccharam india sugar barberi bad crossed officinarum(tropical
Millets:hybrid maize jowar bajra resistant water stress
Plant breeding disease resistance enhances food production helps
Fungal disease rust(brown rust wheat,red rot sugarcane late
Bacterial disease black rot crucifers
Method breeding disease resistance 1.conventional 2.mutation
Conventional methods screening germ plasma resistnr source hybridisation
Disease resistance variety wheat himgiri leaf stripe rust
Brassica pusa swarnim(karan rai white rust
Cauliflower pusa subhra,pusa snowball k-1 bacterial blight
Mosaic virus chilli pusa sadabahar chilly tobacco leaf
Mutational breeding create desirable character found parental type
Breeding mutational mutation chemicals radiation gamma selecting plants
Mutational breeding mung bean,resistance yellow mosaic virus powdery
Wild high yield resistance yellow mosaic virus bhindi
Transfer resistance genes achieved sexual hybridisation b/w the
Insect resistance host plants due to morphological biochemical,physiological
Hairy leaves resistance jassids cotton cereal leaf beatles
Stem solid wheat lead preference sawfly
Smooth leaved nector cotton varieties attract bollworm
High aspartic acid,low nitrogen sugar leads resistance maize
Brassica(rapeseed mustards pusa gaurav aphids
Flat bean pusa sem2,pusa sem3 jassids,aphids,fruit borer
Pusa okra bhindhi sawami a4 shoot fruit borer
Hidden hunger billion people suffer mal nutrient,protein vitamin
Biofortification breeding crop high level nutrients helps improve
Objectives breeding improved nutriional quality improve protein oil
Iron improved nutritional quality plants maize amount amino
Vegetable crops vitamin minerals released indian agriculture research
Enriched vitamin vegetable crops richin carrots,spinach,pumpkin;vitamin c bitter
Scp alternate source proteins animal human nutrition microbed
Spirulina rich protein minerals fats carbohydrate vitamins.it grown
250g micro organism methylophilus methylotrophus produce tonnes
Tissue culture technique growing plant cells/tissue/organs sterile cultural
Totipotency ability generate plant cell/explant
Explant part plant grown testtube sterile nutrient media
Nutrient medium explants carbon source sucrose),inorganic salts,vitamin amino
Micropropogation method producing thousands plants short time tissue
Soma clones plants genetically identical original plant,from grown
Tissue culture tomato banana,apple eg
Somatic hybridization protoplasts varieties plants desirable gene fused
Pollution indesirable change physical chemical biological characteristics air
Govt action environment protection act
Pollution particulate gaseous air pollutants smokestack thermal powerplant
Harmful human particulate size pico meter
Consequences pollution injury organism reduce growth yield affect
Pollution petrol control air particulate matter seperated lead
Remove particulate electrostatic precipitators device matter present exhaust
Working oof electrostatic precipitors electrode wire charges particles
Air act amended when is
Sources sound pollution music instrument loudspeaker crackers industries
Noise damage effect psychological physiology 150db ear drum
Control noise pollution sound absorbent material horn free
Law policies india control vehiculr pollution a.auto fuel
Auto fuel laid road map cut vehicular pollution
Sulphur petrol euro ii norm stipulate controlled at
Euro iii april bharat stageii met cities iv
Water law govt body prevention control pollution act
Make sewage unfit impurities what
Bod amount biodegradable organic matter sewage water estimated
Algal bloom planktonic algae grow excessively due nutrients
Water hyacinth eichhornia crassioes-terror bengal
Cons water hyacinth reprduce ecosystem imbalance
Biomagnification accumulation toxicant succesive trophic levels
Biomagnification mercuty ddt industrial waste
Biomagnification aquatic food chain water zooplan 0.04}small fishes0.5}large
Ddt disturbs birds calcium metabolism birds.causes thining eggshell
Eutrophication natural aging lake by nutrient enrichment
Eutrophication induce effluent from industries homes cultural accelerated
Prime contaminant eutrophication nitrates phosphates
Eutrophication overstimulate algae,unsighty scum robbing oxygen,from lake death
Waste water treatment arcata,northern coast california humbolt state
Waste water treatment sedimentation six connected marshland
Sedimentation dangerous pollutant heavy metal still remains innovative
Marsh land treatment connected hectres- algae fungi plant
Foam friends arcata marsh of
Ecological sanitation dry compost,practical hygienic efficient cost effective
Solid waste refer trash everything
Municipal solid wastes wastes homes offices stores schools,hospitals
Sanitary landfills adopted substitute for open burning dumps.in
Tree types wastess biodegradable bio recyclable
Rag pickers kabadiwallahs
Ewastes irreparable computers electronic goods e wastes buried
Polyblend ahmed khan who
Road polyblend fine powder recycled modified plastics mixed
Chemical fertilisers eutrophication cause
Integrated organic farming cyclical waste procedure products process
Indroduced iof ramesh chandra dagar
Effect radioactive wastes accidental leakage safe disposal mutation
Leakage radioactive material incident mile island chernobyl
Safety radioactive sufficient pre treatment.shielded container,buried rocks 500m
Green house effect natural phenomenon responsible heating earths
Change imapct global warming deletetious environment resulting odd
Thickness ozone measured dobson units
Uv-b uv absorbed earth mutatio mutation
Uv b aging skin,damage skin cells,skin cancers.inflammation cornea
Montreal protocol international treaty canada,1987 signed control emission
Soil erosion desertification human activities cultivation deforestation grazing
Forest cover national policy india recommended plant hils
Slash burn agriculture jhum cultivation deforestation north eastern
Cons deforestio loss biodiversity,soil erostion hydrologic cycle disturbs
Award saving trees amrita devi bishnoi wildlife protection
Chipko movement garhwal himalaya local women hugged axe
Jfm work closely communities with
Organisms ecology study interaction physical environment
Ecology concerned level biological organizations organisms population,communities,biomes
Oecology physiological level explain organisms adapt encvironment terms
Variation temp seasons rotation earth tilt axis
Major biomes desert rain forest tundra formed due
Forms habitat regional local variation
Extreme places rajasthan desert,rain soaked meghalaya,deep ocean trenches
Temperature effects kinetics enzyme basal metabolism,and physiological factors
Eury thermal they tolerate thrive wide range temp
Stenothermal tolerate narrow range temperature
Water temp next to
Plant depend water productivity distributioin
Aquatic waters role chemical composition ph
Salt inland the of <5
Salt sea in 30-35
Hypersaline lagoons in >100
Eury haline tolerate wide range salinities
Stenohaline tolerate narrow range salinity
Light sunlight photoperiodism ultimate source energy
Animal diurnal seasonal variation iin light intensity photoperiod
Soil depend nature climate weathering process sedimentation,method development
Determine percolation water holding capacity soil composition,grain size
Determine vegetation ph mineral composition topography
Determine type benthic animals sediment characteristics
Type organism basis homeostasis regulation regulate conform.migrate suspend
Regulate maintanance homeostasis physiological behavioural means ensure constant
Regulates birds mammals vertebrates invetrebrates
Conform maintain constant temp 99
Small animals low polar region larger surface area
Migrate animal birds move temporarily stressful habitat hospitable
Migrate kiolado national park winter host siberians cold
Hibernation bears winter during
Aestivation snails fishes summer of
Diapause stage suspended development zooplanktons lakes ponds
Adaptation morphological physiological behavioural attributes enables organisms survive
Water adaptation kangaroo rats internal fat oxidation byproduct
Stomata adaptation desert plants thick cuticle leaf surface
Adaptation mammal polar region colder climate shorter ears
Altitude high symptoms sickness nausea heart palpitation fatigue
Behavioural adaptation desert lizard bask sun species capable
Population gp individual species live in geographical area
Population cormorants wet land rats abondened dwelling teak
Populationecology important links ecology population genetics evolution
Population rates attributes birth death sex ratio age
Birth rates refer capita to
Age pyramids distribution plotted population resulting structure called
Age gp expanding stable,declining may
Population sizw density it number individuals species unit
Population size chlamydomonas millions of
Huge banyan parthenium population size measure %cover biomass
Population large measured relative density is trap
Tiger measured pug marks fecal pellets
Population growth depend food availability predation pressure weather
Basic processes fluctuate population density a.natality b.mortality c.immigration
Natality number births population period
Mortality number deaths population period
Immigration number individuals species the habitat
Figure fluctuation population the of
Growth models a.exponential b.logistic
Exponential growth geometric fasion unlimited resources
Dn/dt eqn exponential growth b d n rn
R in dn/dt rn intrinsic rate natural increase important
R norway rats for 0.015
R flour beetle for 0.12
R human population india for
Integral form exponential growth nt = n o ert
Logistic growth fittest survive reproduce
Carrying capacity nature habitat resources support maximum number
Verhulst-pearl logistic growth intialy lag phase acceleration deceleration
Eqn logistic growth of
Population growth curve
Breeder pacific salmon fish bamboo
Small sized offspring oysters pelagic fishes number large
Population interaction mutualism competition parasitism predation commensalism amensalism
Predation carnivore herbivore 25%phytophagous all
Cactus importance predators prickly pear cactus.the feeding predator
Defenses insect frogs camouflaged cryptically cloured avoid detected
Monarch butterfly highly distasteful predators due special chemical
Defense plants thorns acacia,cactus of
Calotropis weed growing abondoned field produce highly poisonous
Defenses nicotine,caffeine quinine,strychinene opium useful
Competition potent force organic evolution process fitness species
Occur interference competition resource abundant presence species feeding
Unrelated competition flamingoes fishes compete zooplanktons south american
Competitive species release restricted small geographical area due
Barnacle competitive release connell's field experiment rockyy sea
Gause's competitive exclusion principle states closely related species
Resource partitioning species compete avoid competition choosing different
Resource partitioning macarthur warbler species survive trees difference
Loss adaptation parasites sense organs presence adhesive organs,sucker
Parasites human liver fluke depends intermediate hosts snail
Ecto parasites lice humas ticks dogs cuscuta hedge
Commensalism orchid growin epiphyte mango branch barnacles growing
Mutualism lichen mycorrhizaeo fungi roots
Bees mutualism b/w plants animal fig trees wasps
Biomes due difference precipitation the
Pisaster american pacific coast where
Period birth natural death organism represents life span
Individual immortal single-celled organisms no
Butterfly weeks 1 to 2
Crow 15yrs
Parrot 140yrs
Tortoise yrs 100-150
Crocodile 60yrs
Monoecious plant chara
Dioecious plant marchantia
Bisexual flower sweet potato
Isogamous cladophora alga an
Heterogamous fucus alga an
Heterogamous homo sapiens
Eyes potato
Rhizome ginger
Bulbil agave
Leaf buds bryophyllum
Offset water hyacinth
Zoospores chlamydomonas
Conidia penicillium
Budding yeast
Binary fission amoeba
Reproduction defined biological process organism rise young offspring
Organism’s habitat internal physiology factors collectively responsible reproduces
Process based participation organism reproduction types offspring produced
Asexual reproduction single parent capable producing offspring result
Term clone describe morphologically genetically similar individuals asexual
Asexual reproduction common single-celled organisms plants animals simple
Reproduction cell division mode asexual
Single-celled organisms reproduce binary fission cell divides halves
Yeast division unequal small buds are produced remain attached
Unfavourable condition amoeba withdraws pseudopodia secretes three-layered hard
Amoeba favourable conditions return encysted divides multiple fission and
Asexual reproductive common structures members kingdom fungi simple
Vegetative term asexual plants reproduction animals simple organisms
Asexual reproduction organisms body breaks distinct pieces fragments
Terror bengal = water hyacinth asexual reproduction
Water hyacinth invasive weeds found growing standing water.it
Water hyacinth introduced india beautiful flowers shape leaves
Plantlets potato sugarcane banana ginger dahlia arise nodes
Nodes contact damp soil water produce roots plants
Adventitious buds arise notches present margins leaves bryophyllum
Buds hydra
Reproduction organisms simple organisation algae fungi shift sexual
Reproduction sexual mode present animals asexual
Sexual reproduction form involves formation male female gametes
Sexual reproduction fusion male female gametes results offspring
Sexual study diverse organisms–plants animals fungi–show differ greatly
Growth phase organisms reach stage maturity life reproduce
Phase end juvenile vegetative marks beginning reproductive easily
Plants–the annual biennial types show clear cut vegetative
Plants exhibit unusual flowering phenomenon bamboo species flower
Large plant strobilanthus kunthiana neelakuranji flowers years flowered
Phase reproductive animals juvenile morphological physiological prior active
Eggs birds lay reproduction living nature seasonally captivity
Females placental mammals exhibit cyclical activities ovaries accessory
Reproduction called non-primate mammals cows sheep rats deers
Mammals living natural wild conditions exhibit cycles favourable
Mammals reproductively active reproductive phase called continuous breeders
Phase age end reproductive considered parameters senescence concomitant
Hormones plants animals responsible transitions phases interaction environmental
Sexual reproduction events attainment maturity sexually reproducing organisms
Sexual reproduction events elaborate complex follow regular sequence
Sequential events grouped distinct stages pre-fertilisation fertilisation post-fertilisation
Events pre-fertilisation include sexual reproduction prior fusion gametes
Gametes gametogenesis refers process formation types male female
Algae gametes similar appearance categorise male female called
Organisms gamete called majority sexually reproducing produced morphologically
Sexual reproduction sexuality organisms generally involves fusion gametes
Plants male female reproductive structures bisexual unisexual sexual
Terms fungi plants homothallic monoecious denote bisexual condition
Flowering plants male bearing female unisexual flower staminate
Plants monoecious cucurbits coconuts dioecious papaya date palm
Sponge tapeworm leech typical examples bisexual animals possess
Cockroach is unisexual species sexual reproduction pre-fertilisation events gametogenesis
Gametes haploid division parent cell formation heterogametic species
Organisms belonging monera fungi algae bryophytes haploid plant
Meiosis reduction division occur diploid body produce haploid
Gemmules sponge
Diploid organisms specialised cells called meiocytes gamete mother
Formation male female gametes physically brought facilitate fusion
Gamete motile majority organisms male female stationary exceptions
Medium gamete transfer male move simple plants algae
Number male gametes female large fail reach compensate
Pollen grains seed plants carriers male gametes ovule
Transfer pollen grains stigma bisexual self-fertilising plants e.g
Pollen transfer grains male gametes cross pollinating plants
Gamete dioecious animals male female formed individuals organism
Transfer sexual successful meeting gametes essential critical event
Sexual reproduction vital event fertilisation pre-fertilisation events gamete
Fertilisation sexual reproduction syngamy vital event fusion gametes
Organisms fertilisation mentioned rotifers honeybees lizards birds turkey
External aquatic organisms majority algae fishes amphibians syngamy
Develops pistil remains attached plant zygote embryo ovules
Large number offspring organisms exhibiting external fertilisation show
Terrestrial organisms belonging fungi higher animals reptiles birds
Egg fuse male organisms formed inside female body
Number sperms produced large significant reduction eggs seed
Events sexual post-fertilisation reproduction formation zygote called reproduction
Zygote external fertilisation formed formation di ploid universal
Zygote life cycle organisms haploid development depends type
Zygote vital link ensures continuity species organisms generation
Embryogenesis cell refers process development embryo zygote embryogenesis
Cell form divisions increase number developing embryo differentiation
Animals categorised oviparous viviparous based development zygote takes
Animals young oviparous reptiles birds fertilised eggs covered
Young attaining stage growth delivered body female organism
Flowering plants zygote formed inside ovule fertilisation sepals
Bisexual animal earthworm
Unisexual animal cockroach
Seeds differ greatly early stages embryo development embryogeny
Hormonal structural initiated lead differentiation development floral primordium
Inflorescences formed bear floral buds flowers male female
Reproductive androecium consists whorl stamens representing male organ
Called parts typical stamen long slender stalk filament
Proximal end filament attached thalamus petal flower number
Typical angiosperms anther bilobed lobe theca (dithecous
Anther a longitudinal groove runs lengthwise separating theca
Layers wall microsporangium generally surrounded epidermis endothecium middle
Innermost wall layer tapetum nourishes developing pollen grains
Anther young group compactly arranged homogenous cells called sporogenous
Microsporogenesis anther develops cells sporogenous tissue undergo meiotic divisions
Cell microspore pollen mother sporogenous tissue capable giving
Microspores formed arranged cluster four::number cells–the tetrad anthers
Inside microsporangium thousands microspores pollen grains are formed released
Pollen grains c represent male gametophytes generally spherical
Pollen grains represent male gametophytes generally spherical measuring
Pollen grains represent male gametophytes generally spherical measuring
Sporopollenin exine enzyme degrades c5 pollen grain}}'s prominent
Pollen grain cell wall called intine thin continuous
Vegetative cell shaped nucleus cytoplasm bigger abundant food
Pollen grains shed angiosperms 2-celled stage remaining species
Pollen grains species severe allergies bronchial afflictions in
Parthenium carrot grass india contaminant imported wheat ubiquitous
Pollen grains rich nutrients fashion recent years tablets
Pollen consumption claimed increase performance athletes race horses
Shed pollen grains land stigma lose viability bring
Pollen viability period grains remain viable highly variable extent
Pollen banks store grains large number species years
Gynoecium pistil represents female reproductive part flower consist
Pistils fused syncarpous free apocarpous three::number parts stigma
Zygote rise proembryo subsequently globular heart-shaped mature embryo
Part stigma serves landing platform pollen grains style
Inside ovarian cavity ovary locule placenta located
Ovules arising placenta megasporangia commonly called number ovary
Ovule called funicle megasporangium small structure attached placenta
Ovule called hilum represents junction funicle protective envelopes
Opposite micropylar end chalaza representing basal part ovule
Cells enclosed integuments mass called nucellus abundant reserve
Embryo sac located nucellus female gametophyte ovule generally
Megaspore mother cell the process formation called megasporogenesis
Mmc a large cell dense cytoplasm prominent nucleus mmc
Meiosis results production four megaspores
Female gametophyte majority flowering plants megaspores functional degenerate
Megaspore functional develops female gametophyte embryo sac method
Nucleus functional megaspore divides mitotically form nuclei move
Divisions mitotic nuclear sequential result formation 4-nucleate 8-nucleate
8-nucleate stage cell walls laid leading organisation typical
Nuclei surrounded cell walls organised remaining called polar
Egg three cells grouped micropylar end constitute apparatus
Synergids special cellular thickenings micropylar tip called filiform
Cells chalazal end and called antipodals
Large central cell mentioned earlier polar nuclei typical
Gametes male female flowering plants produced pollen grain
Transfer pollen grains anther stigma pistil termed pollination
Depending source pollen pollination divided types
Autogamy type pollination achieved flower transfer pollen grains
Normal flower opens exposes anthers stigma complete autogamy
Stigma autogamy flowers requires synchrony pollen release receptivity
Flowers plants viola common pansy oxalis commelina produce
Flowers anthers stigma autogamous lie close dehisce buds
Cleistogamous flowers produce assured seed-set absence pollinators
Geitonogamy transfer pollen grains anther stigma flower plant
Geitonogamy functionally cross-pollination involving pollinating agent genetically similar
Pollen grains pollination xenogamy transfer anther stigma plant
Agents plants pollination abiotic biotic two::number wind water
Pollen grains pollination coming contact stigma chance factor
Wind pollination common abiotic requires pollen grains light
Wind easily polinated plants possess well-exposed stamens pollens
Flowers windpollinated single ovule ovary numerous packed inflorescence
Wind-pollination common grasses is quite
Water pollination rare flowering plants limited 30::number genera
Bryophytes pteridophytes distribution limited water transport male gametes
Water pollinated aquatic plants examples plants are c3::vallisneria hydrilla
Water female flowers reach surface pollen grains released
Pollen grains species long ribbon carried passively inside
Wind water pollinated flowers colourful produce nectar
Pollinating agents majority flowering plants range animals bees
Animals insects bees dominant biotic pollinating agents larger
Flowers animal pollinated plants specifically adapted species
Flowers majority insect-pollinated large colourful fragrant rich nectar
Flowers animals attracted colour and/or fragrance pollinated flies
Rewards sustain animal visits flowers provide nectar pollen
Animal harvesting reward flower visitor contact anthers stigma
Animal carrying pollen body contact stigma brings pollination
Flower species floral rewards providing safe places lay
Moth species plant eggs symbiointic relationship exists yucca
Devices plants outbreeding majority flowering produce hermaphrodite flowers
Stigma pollen species receptive release and receptivity synchronised released
Outbreeding devices prevent autogamy
Device prevent inbreeding self-incompatibility the
Pollen self-incompatibility genetic mechanism prevents self-pollen flower plant
Device prevent self-pollination production unisexual flowers male female
Male female species papaya flowers present plants dioecy
Type pollen species wrong pollen-pistil interaction pollination guarantee
Pollen type pistil accepts promotes post-pollination events that leads
Pollen pistil wrong type rejects preventing germination stigma
Pollen dialogue mediated chemical components of interacting pistil recent
Pollen grain germinates stigma produce tube germ pores
Pollen tube plants cell generative grows tissues stigma
Pollen enters plants shed three-celled condition tubes carry
Pollen recent studies shown filiform apparatus present micropylar
Pollen pointed earlier pollen-pistil interaction dynamic process involving
Pollen artificial hybridisation major approaches crop improvement programme
Female parent bears bisexual flowers removal anthers bud
Emasculated flowers covered bag suitable size generally made
Stigma bagged flower attains receptivity mature pollen grains
Female flower parent produces unisexual emasculation buds bagged
Male entering synergids pollen tube releases gametes cytoplasm
Syngamy results formation diploid cell zygote male gamete
Termed triple involves fusion haploid nuclei types syngamy
Cell endosperm develops central triple fusion primary pec
Double fertilisation events endosperm embryo development maturation ovule
Endosperm development precedes embryo
Endosperm primary cell divides repeatedly forms triploid tissue
Endosperm common type development pen undergoes successive nuclear
Cell wall formation occurs free-nuclear endosperm becomes cellular
Seed endosperm completely consumed developing embryo e.g pea
Embryo develops micropylar end sac zygote situated divide
Embryonal axis typical dicotyledonous embryo consists cotyledons portion
Root cylindrical portion level cotyledons hypocotyl terminates lower
Embryos monocotyledons possess cotyledon grass family called scutellum
Lower end embryonal axis radical root cap enclosed
Portion embryonal axis level attachment scutellum epicotyl shoot
Seed angiosperms final product sexual reproduction fertilised ovule
Cotyledons of embryo simple structures generally thick swollen
Seeds endosperm completely embryo development e.g nonalbuminous residual
Nucellus occasionally seeds black pepper beet remnants persistent
Seed integuments ovules harden tough protective coats micropyle
Seed matures water content reduced dry cent moisture
Embryo enter state inactivity called dormancy favourable conditions
Ovary ovules develops fruit wall mature seeds i.e
Fruits fleshy guava orange mango dry groundnut mustard
Fruit plants time develops ovary floral parts degenerate
Fruits develop ovary called true
Fruits species results fertilisation develop called parthenocarpic fruits.
Banana parthenocarpy induced application growth hormones fruits seedless
Seeds offer advantages angiosperms firstly reproductive processes pollination
Seeds adaptive strategies dispersal habitats species colonise areas
Hard seed coat protection young embryo products sexual
Seeds basis agriculture dehydration dormancy mature crucial storage
Seeds species lose viability months large number live
Seed record years oldest lupine lupinus arcticus excavated arctic
Fruits orchid category thousands tiny seeds similar case
Seeds general products fertilisation flowering plants species asteraceae
Apomixis form asexual reproduction mimics sexual
Ways development apomictic seeds species diploid egg cell
Embryo sac citrus mango varieties nucellar cells surrounding
Occurrence embryo seed referred polyembryony
Hybrids cultivation tremendously increased productivity problems seeds produced
Seeds hybrid collected sown plants progeny segregate maintain
Hybrid seeds year made apomicts segregation characters progeny
Apomixis hybrid importance seed industry active research laboratories
Manganese helps splitting water in
Zinc activates carboxylase synthesis auxin
Phase g1 g2 rna synthesized replication organelles
Viroids discovered diener pstv lacks protein coat free
Prions abnormally folded protein bse cattle cr jacob
Cycling chemosynthetic bacteria chemoautotrophs nitrobacter nitrococcus nitrogen recycling
Asexual reproduction budding yeast hydra
Asexual reproduction fragmentation fungi spores filamentous algae protonema
Herbarium quick referral system dried preserved plants label
Key analytical nature in
Bacteria heterotrophic lactic acid type nitrogen fixers rhizobium
Chrysophytes cell wall soap box structure
Type epithelial tissue epithelium squamous walls blood vessels
Type epithelial tissue cuboidal epithelium ducts glands tubular
Type epithelial tissue lining columnar epithelium stomach intestine
Type epithelial tissue ciliated epithelium surface hollow organs
Type epithelial tissue surface compound squamous epithelium dry
Type epithelial tissue compound columnar epithelium larynx mammary
Type epithelial tissue gland duct compound cuboidal epithelium
Cartilage present ends skeleton hyaline weakest long bones
Cartilage body present fibrous strongest rigid pubic symphysis
Cartilage found elastic epiglottis catalyst external ear trachea
Cartilage present calcified suprascapula frog vertebrae sharks
Air plants joseph priestley reveal essential role growth
Jan ingenhousz showed sunlight essential plant process purifies
Glucose julius von sachs provided evidence production plants
Engelmann action spectrum described the
Chromatogram chlorophyll bright green blue-green
Element required molybdenum nitrogenase nitrate reductase
Element required magnesium rubisco pepcase
Element required zinc alcohol dehydrogenase carboxylase carbonic anhydrase
Element required iron peroxidase catalase
Required nitrogen essential element parts plant major constituent
Phosphorus constituent cell membranes proteins nucleic acids nucleotides
Protein synthesis potassium required abundant quantities meristematic tissues
Required cell formation calcium systematic differentiating tissues wall
Structure magnesium involved synthesis dna rna constituent ring
Present sulphur amino acids methionine cysteine coenzymes vitamins
Iron required larger amounts compared micronutrients essential element
Required boron uptake utilisation calcium normal membrane functioning
Molybdenum required nitrogenase nitrate reductase
Identify free-living aerobic symbiotic azotobacter beijernikia azospirillum anabaena
Identify free living anaerobic rhodospirillum clostridium
Phase synthesized g1 cell metabolically active proteins synthesised
Phase doubled s centrioles duplicate histones produced dna
Phase g2 tubulin protein synthesized organelles mitochondria chloroplast
Meiosis leptotene chromosomes gradually visible stage compaction continues
Formed phase stage zygotene synapsis occurs synaptonemal complex
Pachytene chromosomes divalents visible tetrads recombination nodules crossing
Diplotene dissolution synaptonemal complex begins homologous chromosomes separate
Phase diakinesis marked terminalisation chiasmata end nucleolus disappear
Internal fertilization external:type reptiles birds majority plants
Sort excretion aquatic ammonotelism bony fish amphibians insects
Sort excretion ureotellism mammals terrestrial amphibians marine fish
Sort excretion uricotelism reptiles birds snails insects
Joints fibrous types skull bones
Joints cartilaginous types adjacent vertebrae
Phase place cell elongation increased vacuolation enlargement apposition
Phase attain size cell maturation maximal terms wall
Promote auxins flowering pineapples abscission mature leaves fruits
Promotes early seed gibberellins acetate units acetyl coenzyme
Helps formation cytokinins produced locations rapid cell division
Seedlings promotes growth dicot initiates ethylene horizontal swelling
Fruit promotes ethylene synchronises set pineapple ripening tomatoes
End month heart formed embryo called foetus
Formed limbs digits end month
Month movements baby hair head foetus
Trimester body hair eyelids separate eyelashes formed
Simple cuboidal epithelium eg
Word tissue father histology bichat
Tissue word plant n grew
Types tissue epithelial connective muscular nervous
Epithelial tissue origin layer from
Tissue connective muscular derived mesoderm
Nervous tissue derived ectoderm from
Lamina basement membrane made layers basal fibrous
Layer developed embryonic development epithelial

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