NEET Biology ug

This flashcard deck covers various topics in biology such as stages of reproduction, distinctions between primates and non-primates, productivity and its types (NPP, GPP), nutrient cycles (gaseous and sedimentary), types of nucleases (exonucleases and endonucleases), different types of reproduction like autogamy, geitonogamy, xenogamy, pollination agents, viral diseases, meristem tissue culture, abiotic factors, population concepts like death rates and sex ratio, lifespan of various organisms, types of reproduction (sexual and asexual) and their characteristics, types of fission (binary and multiple), budding, and examples of these processes in different organisms. Overall, the deck provides a concise overview of fundamental biological concepts.

यह फ्लैशकार्ड डेक जीवविज्ञान के विभिन्न विषयों को कवर करता है, जैसे कि प्रजनन के चरण, प्राइमेट्स और नॉन-प्राइमेट्स, उत्पादकता और उसके प्रकार, पोषक तत्व चक्र, न्यूकलीएज के प्रकार, विभिन्न प्रकार की प्रजनन विधियां जैसे ऑटोगैमी, जीनोआगैमी, ज़ेनोगैमी, परागण के एजेंट, वायरस संबंधित रोग, मेरिस्टेम, पर्यावरणीय कारक, जनसंख्या सम्बंधित अवधारणाएँ जैसे मृत्यु दर, लिंग अनुपात, विशिष्ट जीवों के जीवन काल, प्रजनन के प्रकार (यौन और ऐसैक्सुअल) और उनकी विशेषताएँ, फिशन, बडिंग, और विभिन्न जीवों में इन प्रक्रियाओं के उदाहरण। इस डेक में व्यापक रूप से जीवविज्ञान की बुनियादी अवधारणाओं को सरल और संक्षिप्त रूप में प्रस्तुत किया गया है।

Learn using these flashcards. Click a card to start.

• Dioecious plants papaya date palm
• Heterothallic unisexual
• Birds nyc 105
• National botanical research institute lucknow
• Columns renal bertini are known
• Glomerulus formed afferent arteriole the
• Amazon invertebrates 125000
• Speciality asexual reproduction clone,similar,unicellular single parent
• Type fissio binary multiple two
• Multiple fission amoeba plasmodium eg
• Budding  small bud,mature,detach,new
• Zoospores algae protist microscopic motile structure
• Gemmules sponge
• Vegeatative propagules runner,rhizome,sucker,tuber,offset,bulb eg for
• Juveline  phase period growth reach maturity sexual reproduction
• Annual binneal plant show perrinial clear cut vegetative
• Bamboo flower yrs lifetime once
• Strobilanthus kunthiana flowers years once
• Stages reach reproduction juveline-physio morpho chang-repro
• Primates cows,sheep,rat,deer,dog,tiger non
• Primates monkey,apes,human
• Oestrous mentrous cycle change undergo activities ovary,accesory duct
• Responsible life phase change hormones
• External fertilisation algae,bony fishes,amphibians eg
• Internal fertilisation fungi,animal-reptiles,birds,mammal,plants-bryophyte,pteri,gymn,ang eg for
• Aquatic ecosystem pond,lake,wetland,river,estuary
• Entire biosphere regarded global ecosystem
• Stratification vertical distribution species occupyin  levels 
• Stratification trees top vertical  strata  shrubs herbs bottom
• Pond shallow simple sustained water body exhibit basic
• Climatic condition affect  pond ecosystem solar input cycle
• Decomposers pond fungi,bacteria flagellates of
• Autotrophs pond perform ecosytem inorganic organic light heterotrophs
• Productivity rate biomass production the
• Unit productivity of
• Type productivity npp,gpp two of
• Gpp gross primary productivity rate production organic matter
• Secondary productivity rate formation organic matter consumers
• Primary productivity depend on  plant species inhabiting area
• Decomposition breakdown complex organic matter  by decomposers inorganic
• Steps decomposition a.fragmentation b.leaching c.catabolism d.humification e.mineralization
• Leaching  process water soluble inorganic nutrients soil horizon
• Humification accumulation humus soil decompose slowly serves reserve
• Factors affecting decomposition chemical composition detritus climatic temp
• Temp decomposition climatic facter soil moisture affect warm
• Ecosystem obey 2nd law thermodyanamics constand supply energy
• Primary producers aquatic  phytoplankton,algae,higher plant
• Gfc grazing food chain
• Dfc begins dead matters.it made decomposer saprotrophs heterotrophic
• Material decomposr degrade food produce enzyme breakdown dead
• Trophic level specific place organisms natural food chain
• 3rd trophic level birds fishes,wolf
• Food web interconnectionof chain called
• Standing crop trophic level mass living material aparticular
• Measured standing crop mass living organisms number  in
• Trophic level gfc restricted  transfer energy law 
• Ecological pyramids represenaition food chain form  pyramid called
• Higher energy lower levels is  level-hrbivorous number carnivorous
• Inverted biomass examples pyramids insects feeding big tree
• Ecological succession  a gradual slow predictable change species
• Community seral stages individual transitional termed
• Successive seral stage occur change i n diversity
• Primary succession newly cooled lava,bare rocks,newly created pond
• Succession secondary place area existed organism lost
• Species invade depend condition e soil,availibility water
• Stage convert seral succession earlier deforestation fire human
• Succession hydrarch takes place wetter areas.the series progress
• Primary succession rocks-xerophytic habitat 1.lichen-secrete acids dissolve rock
• Primary succesion water 1.phytoplankton 2.free floating angiosperms 3.rooted
• Standing state varies kind ecosystem seasonal basis
• Cycle nutrient types a.gaseous b.sedimentary
• Cycle gaseous reservoir exist atmosphere(nitrogen carbon
• Sedimentary cycle reservoir located earths crust(sulphur phosphorous
• Reservoir meets deficit nutrients due to  imbalance ratte
• Reservoir c atm-1 orga(dry weight)-49 ocean-regualte atmospheric co2-71% 
• Role human activities carbon cycle deforestation burning fossil
• Natural reservoir p rock(in form phosphates
• Ecosystem services products processes  the
• Healthy ecosystem provide purify air d water habitat
• Ls parrot of 14
• Fruit fly week 2
• Dry fruits groundnuts,mustards
• Elephas elephant
• Balenoptera blue whale 🐋
• Bagging bag butter paper in
• Glucose units number amylopectin of
• Primary roots branches constitute tap system
• Amazon's insects million 2
• Acid  bile acid made from  tarrocholic glycoholic
• Tiger---panthera tigris--felidae--carnivora--mammalia--chordata--animalia
• Leopard--panthera pardus--felidae--carnivora
• Dog--cannis familiaris--canidae--carnivora--mammalia
• Man--homo sapiens--hominidae--primata--mammalia
• Housefly--musca domestica--miscidae--diptera--insecta--arthropoda
• Brinjal--solanum melangena--solanaceae--polymonials--dicotylidonae--angiospermae--plantae
• Petunia--petunia hybrida--solanaceae--polymonials
• Sweet potato--ipomea batats--convolvulaceae--polymaonials--dicotylidonae
• Wheat--triticum aestivum--poaceae--poales--monocotyledenae
• Ear wax as  cerumen  is
• General formula unsaturated fatty acids  c n h
• Lipid present animal's fur lanolin
• Wax d  secreted bacteria genus mycobacterium responsible leprosy
• Examples chromolipid  carotene vitamin of
• Adrenal cortex hormones  cortisol aldosterone
• Monomers hemi cellulose  mag-x mannose arabinose galactose xylose 
• Monomers hyaluronic acid  glucoronic acid n-acetyl glucosamine
• A140827e71af47229415b69f0f8059ff-ao-1
• A140827e71af47229415b69f0f8059ff-ao-2
• 41152f41302542999852a1b93484dcbc-ao-3
• 41152f41302542999852a1b93484dcbc-ao-7
• 41152f41302542999852a1b93484dcbc-ao-9
• 41152f41302542999852a1b93484dcbc-ao-13
• 41152f41302542999852a1b93484dcbc-ao-18
• Ac774394a0cb486a9fcdc586312a6921-ao-1
• 76cd2e838dc945478911b73ff8a1c2b6-ao-1
• Life cycle angiosperm of an
• 76cd2e838dc945478911b73ff8a1c2b6-ao-2
• D11de156f12144819e7927b758b9b8df-ao-1
• D11de156f12144819e7927b758b9b8df-ao-5
• 05ad27ea03b144b2bdc671e4419c3a79-ao-3
• 2c7f602e32934674a11951aef113bf64-ao-2
• 2c7f602e32934674a11951aef113bf64-ao-3
• 2c7f602e32934674a11951aef113bf64-ao-8
• A35db516a2d744828e56e44b2ac5b9a2-ao-3
• A35db516a2d744828e56e44b2ac5b9a2-ao-8
• B8954dc8533d4fdd98ad014ab63865d6-ao-1
• B8954dc8533d4fdd98ad014ab63865d6-ao-2
• B8954dc8533d4fdd98ad014ab63865d6-ao-7
• C348483dc3a3449387c001bf7db757e1-ao-2
• C348483dc3a3449387c001bf7db757e1-ao-7
• Ad3f08b9da1549908de63ee3efa74c3d-ao-1
• Ad3f08b9da1549908de63ee3efa74c3d-ao-2
• 8f2fc33e989f4dacb8923400510cd0f0-ao-3
• 8f2fc33e989f4dacb8923400510cd0f0-ao-7
• 8f2fc33e989f4dacb8923400510cd0f0-ao-12
• 8f2fc33e989f4dacb8923400510cd0f0-ao-16
• 8f2fc33e989f4dacb8923400510cd0f0-ao-17
• 8f2fc33e989f4dacb8923400510cd0f0-ao-18
• 8f2fc33e989f4dacb8923400510cd0f0-ao-22
• 8c5d11477ae24932b01331822042dbbe-ao-2
• 8c5d11477ae24932b01331822042dbbe-ao-7
• 8c5d11477ae24932b01331822042dbbe-ao-11
• 8c5d11477ae24932b01331822042dbbe-ao-12
• 8c5d11477ae24932b01331822042dbbe-ao-13
• 609346a3a859431da0a0f6fa1882484f-ao-3
• 609346a3a859431da0a0f6fa1882484f-ao-4
• 609346a3a859431da0a0f6fa1882484f-ao-5
• 609346a3a859431da0a0f6fa1882484f-ao-6
• 609346a3a859431da0a0f6fa1882484f-ao-10
• Edc6f6620ed44374ab19b7a96c2e3ce5-ao-1
• Edc6f6620ed44374ab19b7a96c2e3ce5-ao-5
• Edc6f6620ed44374ab19b7a96c2e3ce5-ao-9
• 67a01921d9694718ae3109d89a3eded2-ao-2
• 67a01921d9694718ae3109d89a3eded2-ao-3
• 67a01921d9694718ae3109d89a3eded2-ao-4
• 91560a45b1e5451aaca15193556e1224-ao-1
• 91560a45b1e5451aaca15193556e1224-ao-4
• 91560a45b1e5451aaca15193556e1224-ao-8
• 91560a45b1e5451aaca15193556e1224-ao-12
• Dc8bd6d67fa34438be4668ac7b1c51bb-ao-3
• Dc8bd6d67fa34438be4668ac7b1c51bb-ao-4
• Bde3bd8fba5b4d078afba4b9a8404239-ao-4
• Bde3bd8fba5b4d078afba4b9a8404239-ao-7
• 86e4aaa794ba4c2ca1c2ac83ea3606da-ao-2
• Ef944c74f56540558096d5c1ac468d5b-ao-2
• 411db1615aae48b9ba828e3362188f7e-ao-1
• 411db1615aae48b9ba828e3362188f7e-ao-2
• 411db1615aae48b9ba828e3362188f7e-ao-6
• C9cadddd54534ea8be69e43a84e32d1a-ao-3
• C9cadddd54534ea8be69e43a84e32d1a-ao-6
• 2a363b06041f42d6a013b239f9dacb73-ao-1
• 2a363b06041f42d6a013b239f9dacb73-ao-5
• 2a363b06041f42d6a013b239f9dacb73-ao-6
• 417211413f6b4d53baf35f32b4e62c47-ao-1
• 417211413f6b4d53baf35f32b4e62c47-ao-5
• 417211413f6b4d53baf35f32b4e62c47-ao-9
• 417211413f6b4d53baf35f32b4e62c47-ao-13
• 417211413f6b4d53baf35f32b4e62c47-ao-16
• 417211413f6b4d53baf35f32b4e62c47-ao-17
• 7a5db417c2934baf910621a3a71302d7-ao-2
• 7a5db417c2934baf910621a3a71302d7-ao-6
• 7a5db417c2934baf910621a3a71302d7-ao-10
• 253d74d2e0a04b558bc71b4ff37d330b-ao-4
• 253d74d2e0a04b558bc71b4ff37d330b-ao-7
• 253d74d2e0a04b558bc71b4ff37d330b-ao-8
• 253d74d2e0a04b558bc71b4ff37d330b-ao-12
• 253d74d2e0a04b558bc71b4ff37d330b-ao-16
• Type pneumocytes round cells secretes surfactant reduces surface
• Carpel present free lotus rose called apocarpous termed
• Central arrangement ovules ovary placentation types marginal axile
• Placenta axial ovules attached multilocular ovary placentaion axile
• Pen develops endosperm nourishment developing embryo
• Ovules borne central axis septa absent dianthus primrose
• Pericarp generally fruit consists wall seeds dry fleshy
• Mesocarp mango pericarp differentiated outer thin epicarp middle
• Hilum scar seed coat developing attached fruit small
• Cotyledons fleshy full reserve food materials ends embryonal
• Seeds endosperm castor formed result double fertilisation food
• Generally monocotyledonous seeds endospermic orchids non-endospermic
• Layer outer covering endosperm separates embryo proteinous called
• Embryo small situated groove end endosperm consists large
• Plant body haploid produces gametes mitosis represents gametophyte
• Producing life cycle sexually reproducing plant alternation generations
• Gametophyte haploid spores divide mitotically form dominant photosynthetic
• Gametophytic phase represented single few-celled haploid gametophyte kind
• Bryophytes pteridophytes interestingly exhibit intermediate condition haplo-diplontic phases
• Gametophyte dominant independent photosynthetic thalloid erect phase represented
• Unpaired laryngeal cartilages epiglottis thyroid cricoid
• Paired cartilages larynx cornicular cuneiform arytenoid
• Position vertebra trachea divides t-5
• Conducting zone divisions conduct air gaseous exchange cartilaginous
• Exchange respiratory zone divisons gaseous takes place cartilage
• Type pneumocyte flat irregular cells responsible exchange gases
• 7th month reapiratory distress syndrome surfactant released intra
• Outer pleural layer parietal pleura
• Muscles contract inspiration external intercostal increase thoracic cavity
• Tidal volume amnt air enters normal respiration ml
• Erv max.amount air expired of
• Rv amount air remains lungs measured spirometer
• Residual volume amount air remains lung measured spirometer
• Frc total amount air remain lungs normal expiration
• Tlc total lung capacity amount air present forceful
• Pp oxygen deoxygenated blood  mm hg
• Pp oxygen tissue mm hg
• Pp co2 alveoli  mm hg
• Pp co2 oxygenated blood mm hg
• Form transport o2 plasma-3 oxyhaemoglobin-97
• O2 blood carried oxygenated ml 100ml
• O2 blood volume transported normal condition 5ml ml
• Po2 hb saturated called  p50
• Types lipids  simple conjugated  derived 
• Simple lipids  neutral/true fats waxes 
• Hairy leaves resistance jassids cotton cereal leaf beatles
• Hormones derived lipids  cholestrol sex adrenal cortex bile
• Acid essential fatty acids  linoleic linolenic arachidonic
• Fatty acid increases blood cholestrol saturated
• B63846b831f14fd5b1b15e89ec77c731-ao-1
• Element  weight  earth’s crust  human body hydrogen h) 
• 8c5d11477ae24932b01331822042dbbe-ao-16
• 8c5d11477ae24932b01331822042dbbe-ao-18
• 8c5d11477ae24932b01331822042dbbe-ao-20
• 8c5d11477ae24932b01331822042dbbe-ao-22
• Ce7cf5a82b80492e8e58f6bec609c5d2-ao-1
• Ce7cf5a82b80492e8e58f6bec609c5d2-ao-4
• 4507bb804d374852821b3c3ac641a08b-ao-2
• 4507bb804d374852821b3c3ac641a08b-ao-4
• 4507bb804d374852821b3c3ac641a08b-ao-5
• Viruses obligate parasites are
• B63846b831f14fd5b1b15e89ec77c731-ao-3
• B63846b831f14fd5b1b15e89ec77c731-ao-6
• C1b1d9a8297540379e9735e9c84c34ec-ao-2
• C1b1d9a8297540379e9735e9c84c34ec-ao-5
• C1b1d9a8297540379e9735e9c84c34ec-ao-8
• C1b1d9a8297540379e9735e9c84c34ec-ao-10
• 541b69bc6f61450589efd60165172f24-ao-1
• 541b69bc6f61450589efd60165172f24-ao-2
• 541b69bc6f61450589efd60165172f24-ao-5
• Cycas pinnate leaves persist years
• 541b69bc6f61450589efd60165172f24-ao-7
• E93ed2d8f28949e78294625d5bcc47db-ao-2
• E93ed2d8f28949e78294625d5bcc47db-ao-5
• E93ed2d8f28949e78294625d5bcc47db-ao-8
• E93ed2d8f28949e78294625d5bcc47db-ao-11
• E93ed2d8f28949e78294625d5bcc47db-ao-13
• Dcc4be6763f9438296a1f58fbc2ea649-ao-1
• Dcc4be6763f9438296a1f58fbc2ea649-ao-4
• Dcc4be6763f9438296a1f58fbc2ea649-ao-6
• 308cf44b462d472ba4f1cd2149161c50-ao-3
• 308cf44b462d472ba4f1cd2149161c50-ao-5
• 7be7db06c3714d8ead2d60631fc41aea-ao-2
• 7be7db06c3714d8ead2d60631fc41aea-ao-5
• Wuchereria filaria worm
• 7be7db06c3714d8ead2d60631fc41aea-ao-8
• C7532fc1da5540c9986469a62342ac44-ao-1
• C7532fc1da5540c9986469a62342ac44-ao-3
• C7532fc1da5540c9986469a62342ac44-ao-6
• C7532fc1da5540c9986469a62342ac44-ao-9
• C7532fc1da5540c9986469a62342ac44-ao-12
• 88f1310e385049a9be2d4f33c9808457-ao-2
• 88f1310e385049a9be2d4f33c9808457-ao-5
• 88f1310e385049a9be2d4f33c9808457-ao-7
• 88f1310e385049a9be2d4f33c9808457-ao-8
• 88f1310e385049a9be2d4f33c9808457-ao-9
• 550d5194e96748c1a4f7571b8b94b816-ao-2
• Asexual reproduction takes place zoospores motile aplanospores non-motile
• 550d5194e96748c1a4f7571b8b94b816-ao-4
• 550d5194e96748c1a4f7571b8b94b816-ao-7
• 79d6e6742ff5443997054af48a90e085-ao-1
• 79d6e6742ff5443997054af48a90e085-ao-4
• 79d6e6742ff5443997054af48a90e085-ao-6
• 79d6e6742ff5443997054af48a90e085-ao-10
• 79d6e6742ff5443997054af48a90e085-ao-13
• A9767261da4d45cab561689b143f418d-ao-3
• A9767261da4d45cab561689b143f418d-ao-6
• A9767261da4d45cab561689b143f418d-ao-8
• A9767261da4d45cab561689b143f418d-ao-11
• 609346a3a859431da0a0f6fa1882484f-ao-2
• Mycelium aseptate coenocytic members phycomyces fungi
• Stems branched  pinus cedrus the
• Zygospores formed fusion gametes similar morphology isogamous dissimilar
• Ascomycetes commonly sac-fungi are known
• Unicellular ascomycetes multicellular yeast sacharomyces multicellular-----penicillium
• Asexual spores conidia produced exogenously special mycelium called
• Sexual spores called ascospores produced endogenously sac asci
• Members morels buffles edible considered delicacies
• Basidiomycetes grow soil logs tree stumps living plant
• Asexual spores generally found basidiomycetes vegetative reproduction fragmentation
• Plasmogamy brought fusion vegetative somatic cells strains genotypes
• Basidiomycetes plasmogamy brought fusion vegetative somatic cells strains genotypes
• Common members basidiomycetes agaricus mushroom ustilago smut puccinia
• Members deuteromycetes  saprophytes parasites large number decomposers litter
• Members deutiromycetes  saprophytes parasites large number decomposers litter
• Trees gymnosperms include medium-sized tall shrubs
• Roots of gymnosperms generally tap roots
• Roots genera small specialised called coralloid n2 fixing
• Reduce modifications cornifers are  needle-like leaves surface area
• Kinds spores produced sporangia borne sporophylls arranged spirally
• 0128b4f319194d0eb07eaa9b0d3dec6d-oa-3
• 0128b4f319194d0eb07eaa9b0d3dec6d-oa-5
• Development pollen grains place microsporangia  gymnosperms  male spores
• Male female cones strobili borne trees cycas.[exclusive
• Ovules borne megasporophylls clustered form female cones
• Female megaspore mother cell divides meiotically form enclosed
• Pollen tube carrying male gametes grows archegonia ovules
• Ovules unlike gymnosperms naked angiosperms flowering plants pollen
• Dicotyledons characterised cotyledons seeds the
• Male sex organs flower stamen.it consists pistil carpel
• Pistil consists ovary enclosing ovules 
• Ovules present highly reduced female gametophytes termed embryosacs
• Embryo-sac formation preceded meiosis.hence cells haploid
• Egg embryo-sac a  3-celled apparatus–one cell synergids,  antipodal
• Pollen tubes enter embryo-sac male gametes discharged
• Nucleus male gamete fuses diploid secondary produce triploid
• 474a432da2da4321aa82cb96575a1e7d-oa-1
• 474a432da2da4321aa82cb96575a1e7d-oa-5
• 10da175b171d4658a75fa702c0bc23e6-oa-3
• Members of kingdom plantae partially heterotrophic insectivorous plants parasites
• Bladderwort venus fly trap examples insectivorous plants
• Plant cells eukaryotic structure prominent chloroplasts wall made
• Life cycle plants distinct phases diploid sporophytic haploid
•  kingdom animalia characterised heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms multicellular cells
• Higher forms animals show elaborate sensory neuromotor mechanism
• Sexual reproduction copulation male female embryological development animals
• Viruses find place classification living
• Viruses non-cellular organisms characterised inert crystalline structure living
• 7e2a1425c07f427787ed9885f83e04a5-oa-1
• 7e2a1425c07f427787ed9885f83e04a5-oa-4
• D.j ivanowsky recognised microbes causal organism mosaic disease
• Viruses inert specific host cell
• Addition proteins viruses genetic material rna dna
• Virus is  nucleoprotein genetic material infectious
• Stranded viruses infect single rna double general plants
• Capsomeres arranged helical polyhedral geometric forms
• Plants symptoms virus infection mosaic formation leaf rolling curling
• Rna viroid low molecular weight
• Component algal phycobiont fungal mycobiont autotrophic heterotrophic
• 244cf3328be14a37822fd617ab07a192-oa-1
• 244cf3328be14a37822fd617ab07a192-oa-3
• 244cf3328be14a37822fd617ab07a192-oa-7
• 244cf3328be14a37822fd617ab07a192-oa-10
• 244cf3328be14a37822fd617ab07a192-oa-11
• 244cf3328be14a37822fd617ab07a192-oa-15
• 244cf3328be14a37822fd617ab07a192-oa-18
• 244cf3328be14a37822fd617ab07a192-oa-22
• 244cf3328be14a37822fd617ab07a192-oa-25
• 244cf3328be14a37822fd617ab07a192-oa-29
•  rh whittaker proposed kingdom classification year
• Heterotrophic bacterias  abundant nature are
• Bacterias include  photoauto trophes  and  chemo auto trophes
• M w d j ivanowsky--------->1892 beujerenek stanley t
• Odd one  albugo agaricus yest  claviceps ustilago yeast
• Members phylum porifera commonly sponges
• Porifera primitive multicellular animals cellular level organisation
• Water enters minute pores ostia body wall central
• Body supported skeleton made spicules spongin fibres phylum
• Sexes separate hermaphrodite i.e eggs sperms produced individual
• Ancylostoma hookworm
• Fertilisation internal  phylum porifera development indirect larval stage
• Cnidaria derived cnidoblasts cnidocytes stinging capsules nematocytes present
• Digestion extracellular intracellular members cnidaria 
• Cnidarians exhibit basic body forms called polyp medusa
• Medusa umbrella-shaped free-swimming aurelia jelly fish
• Polyps medusae cnidarians exist forms exhibit alternation generation (metagenesis
• Meandrina brain coral
• Ctenophores commonly sea walnuts comb jellies exclusively marine
• Bioluminescence property living organism emit light well-marked ctenophores
• Reproduction takes place sexual means fertilisation external indirect
• Platyhelminthes endoparasites found animals including human beings
• Flatworms bilaterally symmetrical triploblastic acoelomate animals organ level
• Cells absorb nutrients host directly body surface specialised
• Aschelminthes freeliving aquatic terrestrial parasitic plants animals
• Roundworms organ-system level body organisation bilaterally symmetrical triploblastic
• Annelida aquatic marine fresh water terrestrial free-living parasitic
• Members phylum annelida exhibit organ-system level body organisation
• Aquatic annelids nereis possess lateral appendages parapodia swimming
• Males females present nereis aquatic form annelida dioecious(both
• Arthropoda organ-system level organisation bilaterally symmetrical triploblastic segmented
• Organs circulatory system arthropods open type sensory antennae
• Vectors anopheles culex aedes mosquitoes
• Molluscs terrestrial aquatic marine fresh water organ-system level
• Body covered calcareous shell phylum mollusca  unsegmented distinct
• Organisims phylum mollusca respiratory excretory functions beung performed
• Mouth phylum mollusca file-like rasping organ feeding called
• Molluscs dioecious oviparous indirect development
• Aplysia seahare
• Echinoderms animals endoskeleton calcareous ossicles
• Smooth leaved nector cotton varieties attract bollworm
• Marine phylum echinodermata organ-system level organisation adult echinoderms
• System distinctive feature echinoderms presence water vascular helps
• Phylum hemichordata consists small group worm-like marine animals
• Body hemichordates  cylindrical composed anterior proboscis collar long
• Sexes separate hemichordates  fertilisation external development indirect
• Animals belonging phylum chordata fundamentally characterised presence notochord
• Urochordata notochord present larval tail cephalochordata extends head
• Notochord members subphylum vertebrata possess embryonic period replaced
•  vertebrates ventral muscular heart chambers kidneys excretion osmoregulation
• Circulation closed type cyclostomes marine migrate spawning fresh
• Sexes separate mammals  fertilisation internal viviparous  and development
• A87ef0d8bc324add9a27db1f0410b0ad-oa-6
• Mouth located ventrally phylum chondrichthyes notochord persistent life
• Chondrichthyes predaceous due absence air bladder swim constantly
• E.g heart chondrichthyes two-chambered auricle ventricle electric organs
• Osteichthyes includes marine fresh water fishes bony endoskeleton
• Heart chambered in osteichthyes auricle ventricle cold-blooded animals sexes
• Amphibians live aquatic terrestrial habitats
• Amphibians  pairs limbs body divisible head trunk tail
• Respiration amphibians  gills lungs skin heart threechambered auricles
• Class refers creeping crawling mode locomotion.reptiles terrestrial animals
• Reptiles external ear openings tympanum represents limbs present
• Modified aves possess beak.the forelimbs wings hind limbs
• Digestive tract birds additional chambers crop gizzard heart
• Air sacs connected lungs aves supplement respiration sexes
• Root monocotyledonous plants primary short lived replaced large
• Plant main functions root system absorption water minerals
• Region millimetres root cap meristematic activity cells small
• Region cells called root elongation zone gradually differentiate mature
• Similarly stems maize sugarcane supporting roots coming lower
• Plants rhizophora growing swampy areas roots ground  grow
• Nodes region stem leaves born called internodes portions
• Stem ascending part axis bearing branches leaves flowers
• Stem bears buds terminal axillary generally green young
• Conducts water minerals photosynthates stems perform function storage
• Act organs perennation tide conditions unfavourable growth stem
• Underground stems plants grass strawberry spread niches older
• Storage polysaccharides starch glycogen inulin
• Lateral branch short internodes and node bearing rosette leaves
• Leaf lateral generally flattened structure borne stem develops
• Leaf attached stem base bear lateral small structures
• Pusa okra bhindhi sawami a4 shoot fruit borer
• Leguminous plants leafbase swollen called pulvinus petiole hold
• Leaf lamina blade green expanded part veins veinlets
• Middle prominent vein midrib provide rigidity leaf blade
• Arrangement veins veinlets lamina leaf termed venation
• Parallel veins run lamina venation termed
• Leaf simple lamina entire incised incisions touch midrib
• Axil compound bud present petiole simple leaves leaflets
• Palmately compound leaves leaflets attached common point i.e
• Alternate type phyllotaxy single leaf arises node manner
• Converted tendrils climbing peas spines defence cacti
• Leaves fleshy onion garlic store food.in plants australian
• Shoot flower modified apical meristem changes floral meristem internodes
• Depending apex converted flower continues grow major types
• Cymose type inflorescence main axis terminates flower limited
• Typical flower kinds whorls arranged successively swollen end
• Flowers lily calyx corolla distinct termed perianth androecium
• Radial flower divided equal halves plane passing centre
• Flower asymmetric irregular divided similar halves vertical plane
• Flowers bracts-reduced leaf found base pedicel called bracteate
• Hypogynous flower gynoecium occupies highest position parts situated
• Ovary epigynous flowers margin thalamus grows upward enclosing
• Corolla petals composed brightly coloured attract insects pollination
• Sepals petals whorl touch margin overlapping calotropis valvate
• Margins sepals petals overlap direction cassia gulmohur aestivation
• Bisexual animal earthworm,leech,sponge,tapeworm eg for
• Petals pea bean flowers largest standard overlaps lateral
• Stamens attached flower united members petals themselves.when epipetalous
• Albuminous seed wheat,maize barley,castor,coconut,sunflower
• Bundles stamens united bunch monoadelphous china rose diadelphous
• Ovary style enlarged basal part lies elongated tube
• Advantages seeds colonize areas food reserve protect young
• Date palm-phoenix dactylifera 2000.king herods
• Apomixis production seeds fertilisation eg.asteraceae grasses
• Importance apomixis produce year lose hybrid character costly
• Animal husbandary deals care breeding live stock poultary
• Yield potential looked after  feeding cattle  stringent cleaning
• Poultry domesticated birds food eggs
• Farm components poultry management selection disease free suitable
• Animal aim breeding increase yield improving desirable qualities
• Inbreeding mating closely related individuals breed generation
• Haploid meiocytes monera,fungi,algae,bryophytes eg for
• Gene advantage inbreedinf increse homozygosity evolve pure line
• Change inbreeding deppression mated unrelated superior animal breed
• Wall ovvary pericarp of
• Crossing mating animals breed common ancestor side pedigree
• Pros outcrossing overcome inbreeding depression low productivity,growth rate
• Fn cross breeding commercial subjected inbreedingand selection stable
• Interspecific hybridisation mule eg for
• Moet programme herd improvement cow administered fsh activity
• Apiculture maintanace hives honey bee production honey 
• Bee pros honey high nutritive medicinal wax cosmetics
• Important points successful bee-keeping knowledge nature habir selection
• Aqua culture pisciculture are  techniques increase production aquatic
• Plant breeding purposeful manipulation species order create desirable
• Classical plant breeding involves hybridisation  of pure lines
• Parents steps breeding collection genetic variability evaluation selection
• Events sexual reproduction prefertilisation.fertilisation post fertilisation
• Collection genetic variability preservation wild varieties,species relatives cultivated
• Hidden hunger billion people suffer mal nutrient,protein vitamin
• Cross parents hybridisation selected desirable character combined plants.this
• Selection testing superior recombinant crucial success breeding objective
• Field test grown research ideal fertilizers management strategy
• Indroduced semi dwarf  whear nobel naurate norman e.borlayg(international
• Semi dwarf rice variety india jaya ratna
• Cane saccharam india sugar barberi bad crossed officinarum(tropical
• Fungal disease rust(brown rust wheat,red rot sugarcane late
• Mosaic viral disease tobacco turnip
• Method breeding disease resistance 1.conventional 2.mutation
• Conventional methods screening germ plasma resistnr source hybridisation
• Cauliflower pusa subhra,pusa snowball k-1 bacterial blight
• Mosaic virus chilli pusa sadabahar chilly tobacco leaf
• Breeding mutational mutation chemicals radiation gamma selecting plants
• Wild high yield resistance yellow mosaic virus bhindi
• High aspartic acid,low nitrogen sugar leads resistance maize
• Objectives breeding improved nutriional quality improve protein  oil
• Iron improved nutritional quality plants maize amount amino
• Enriched vitamin vegetable crops richin carrots,spinach,pumpkin;vitamin c bitter
• Tissue culture technique growing plant cells/tissue/organs sterile cultural
• Explant part plant grown testtube sterile nutrient media
• Nutrient medium explants carbon source sucrose),inorganic salts,vitamin amino
• Tissue culture tomato banana,apple eg
• Meristem free virus from the
• Meristem tissue culture banana,sugarcane,potato eg
• Somatic hybridization protoplasts varieties plants desirable gene fused
• Pollution indesirable change physical chemical biological characteristics air
• Pollution particulate gaseous air pollutants smokestack thermal powerplant
• Syngamy process fusion gamates form zygote
• Consequences pollution injury organism reduce growth yield affect
• Pollution petrol control air particulate matter seperated lead
• Working oof electrostatic precipitors electrode wire charges particles
• Noise damage effect psychological physiology 150db ear drum
• Law policies india control vehiculr pollution a.auto fuel
• Sulphur petrol euro ii norm stipulate controlled  at
• Bod amount biodegradable organic matter sewage  water estimated
• Water hyacinth eichhornia crassioes-terror bengal
• Biomagnification accumulation toxicant succesive trophic levels
• Biomagnification aquatic food chain water zooplan 0.04}small fishes0.5}large
• Ddt disturbs birds calcium metabolism birds.causes thining eggshell
• Eutrophication induce effluent  from industries homes cultural accelerated
• Eutrophication overstimulate algae,unsighty scum robbing oxygen,from lake death
• Sedimentation  dangerous pollutant  heavy metal  still remains innovative
• Marsh land treatment connected hectres-  algae fungi plant
• Ecological sanitation dry compost,practical hygienic efficient cost effective
• Life span period birth natural death organism represent
• Municipal solid wastes  wastes homes offices stores schools,hospitals
• Sanitary landfills adopted substitute  for open burning dumps.in
• Road polyblend fine powder recycled modified  plastics mixed
• Integrated organic farming cyclical waste procedure products process
• Leakage radioactive material incident mile island chernobyl 
• Green house effect natural phenomenon responsible heating earths
• Change imapct global warming deletetious environment resulting odd
• Uv b aging skin,damage skin cells,skin cancers.inflammation cornea
• Soil erosion desertification human activities cultivation deforestation grazing
• Forest cover national policy india recommended plant hils
• Chipko movement garhwal himalaya local women hugged axe
• Organisms ecology  study interaction physical  environment
• Oecology physiological level explain organisms adapt encvironment terms
• Major biomes desert rain forest tundra formed due
• Adaptation morphological physiological behavioural  attributes enables organisms survive
• Extreme places rajasthan desert,rain soaked meghalaya,deep ocean trenches
• Abiotic factors temp,water light,soil eg
• Temp ecological relevant environmental factors
• Temperature effects kinetics enzyme basal metabolism,and  physiological factors
• Eury thermal  they tolerate thrive wide range temp
• Water temp next to
• Aquatic waters role chemical composition ph
• Salt sea in 30-35
• Hypersaline lagoons in >100
• Light sunlight photoperiodism ultimate source energy
• Animal diurnal seasonal variation iin  light intensity photoperiod
• Determine percolation water holding capacity soil composition,grain size
• Type organism  basis homeostasis regulation regulate conform.migrate suspend
• Regulate maintanance homeostasis physiological behavioural  means ensure constant
• Small animals low polar region larger surface area
• Migrate animal birds move temporarily stressful habitat hospitable
• Diapause stage suspended development zooplanktons lakes ponds
• Chain shorter mature insulin is
• Units glucose amylose how many
• Stomata adaptation desert plants thick cuticle leaf surface
• Altitude high symptoms sickness nausea heart palpitation fatigue
• Population gp individual species live  in geographical area
• Populationecology important links ecology population genetics evolution
• Death rates refer capita to
• Sex ratio population a has
• Age pyramids  distribution plotted population resulting structure called
• Population sizw density  it number individuals species unit
• Huge banyan parthenium population size measure  %cover biomass
• Tiger measured  pug marks fecal pellets
• Basic processes fluctuate population density a.natality b.mortality c.immigration
• Mortality number deaths population period
• Figure fluctuation population the of
• Exponential growth geometric fasion unlimited resources
• Dn/dt eqn exponential growth b d n rn
• R in dn/dt rn intrinsic rate natural increase important
• Integral form exponential growth nt = n o ert
• Carrying capacity nature habitat resources support maximum number
• Verhulst-pearl logistic growth intialy lag phase acceleration deceleration
• Breeder pacific salmon fish bamboo
• Small sized  offspring oysters pelagic fishes number large
• Predation carnivore herbivore 25%phytophagous all
• Cactus importance predators  prickly pear cactus.the feeding  predator
• Defense plants thorns acacia,cactus of
• Defenses nicotine,caffeine quinine,strychinene opium useful
• Competition potent force organic evolution process fitness species
• Unrelated competition flamingoes fishes compete zooplanktons south american
• Abingdon goat galapogas the and
• Competitive species release restricted small geographical area due
• Barnacle competitive release connell's field experiment rockyy sea
• Aprthanogenesis female gamates develops organism fertilisation
• Resource partitioning species compete avoid competition choosing  different
• Loss adaptation parasites sense organs presence adhesive organs,sucker
• Parasites human liver fluke depends intermediate hosts snail
• Commensalism orchid growin epiphyte mango branch barnacles growing
• Bees mutualism b/w plants animal fig trees wasps
• Terphenoids monoterpene diterpene and
• Lectin concanavalin a
• Drugs vinblastine circumin
• Primary metabolites required basic purpose growth development
• Polysaccharides ideal storage purposes osmotically inactive chemically reactive
• Structure glucose of
• Epimers isomers position h varies carbon
• Sugar fructose ●ketose ●levulose ●fruit ●sweetest occuring ●source
• Mannose ▪︎found bound stage ▪︎cell wall egg albumen
• Beta monomers lactose galactose glucose
• Monomers sucrose alpha glucose fructose
• Structural polysaccharides cellulose hemicellulose chitin peptidoglycan pectin tunicin
• Mucopolysaccharide agar heparin hyaluronic acid
• Branched starch component amylopectin alpha glycosidic bond
• Iodine colour amylose give added blue-black helical hold
• Essential amino acid phenylalanine valine tryptophan threonine isoleucin
• Neutral amino acids ▪︎glycine ▪︎alanine ▪︎leucine ▪︎isoleucine ▪︎valine
• Amino acid serine threonine st
• Tyrosine forms ▪︎thyroxine ▪︎adrenaline ▪︎melanin
• Types enzymes oxidoreductase transferase hydrolase lyase isomerase ligase
• Hierarchy enzyme of
• Glucose give allosteric modulation formation phosphate adp atp
• Examples competitive inhibitors ●cyanide pills animals inhibiting cytochrome
• Reproduction ensures continuity species what
• Dominant biotic pollinating agent bees
• Amazon plants 40000
• Amazon birds 1300
• Amazon amphibians 427
• Ba8311544a454dfa88e4790a7cc30285-ao-5
• Ba8311544a454dfa88e4790a7cc30285-ao-6
• Ba8311544a454dfa88e4790a7cc30285-ao-9
• 6e6574c05ac54b54b641e83d2b264a16-ao-2
• 6e6574c05ac54b54b641e83d2b264a16-ao-4
• 7b660a60435543f4bd79f00d18c04df9-ao-2
• Beginning 20th century forest cover land india
• 7b660a60435543f4bd79f00d18c04df9-ao-4
• 6d53d911a3d94c1cbd0f30ec3bd0783e-ao-2
• 6d53d911a3d94c1cbd0f30ec3bd0783e-ao-5
• 6cd1f28b414042f08fe9e06f486000cf-ao-1
• 6cd1f28b414042f08fe9e06f486000cf-ao-2
• 81194b9841654bb8912a9459d938d621-ao-1
• 81194b9841654bb8912a9459d938d621-ao-3
• 81194b9841654bb8912a9459d938d621-ao-4
• Fc83071c325d4b2e9ce91104e2e652c0-ao-1
• Recommended forest cover hills plains
• Fc83071c325d4b2e9ce91104e2e652c0-ao-3
• Fc83071c325d4b2e9ce91104e2e652c0-ao-5
• Fovea central pit yellowish pigmented spot called macula lutea
• Fc83071c325d4b2e9ce91104e2e652c0-ao-7
• Fc83071c325d4b2e9ce91104e2e652c0-ao-8
• Fc83071c325d4b2e9ce91104e2e652c0-ao-9
• 9b3463e1e0b046ce8be0011e994df8f2-ao-1
• 08b249e3afaa400ca88933cdb18172f3-ao-3
• 16f86884097449b2b619519889df56d5-ao-1
• 16f86884097449b2b619519889df56d5-ao-3
• 16f86884097449b2b619519889df56d5-ao-5
• F1dbab72de9e4e5fb2c642c2826ef509-ao-1
• Class pteropsida dryopteris pteris adiantum members
• F1dbab72de9e4e5fb2c642c2826ef509-ao-3
• 2d923c778145463bb53c999c86d523df-ao-2
• 2d923c778145463bb53c999c86d523df-ao-3
• 2d923c778145463bb53c999c86d523df-ao-5
• 2d923c778145463bb53c999c86d523df-ao-7
• 2d923c778145463bb53c999c86d523df-ao-10
• 2d923c778145463bb53c999c86d523df-ao-12
• 34fe451e2ade4c6f89c84276d9513692-ao-2
• Crista ampullaris function sensory cells embedded swollen crista 
• 34fe451e2ade4c6f89c84276d9513692-ao-6
• 34fe451e2ade4c6f89c84276d9513692-ao-10
• 34fe451e2ade4c6f89c84276d9513692-ao-11
• 34fe451e2ade4c6f89c84276d9513692-ao-13
• 34fe451e2ade4c6f89c84276d9513692-ao-17
• 34fe451e2ade4c6f89c84276d9513692-ao-18
• 85d8d8b0ee0f4c08a01dbc3aa63468d2-ao-3
• Disproved theory spontaneous generation louis pasteur
• Sodium-potassium pump transports na  outwards k  into cell
• Cells layers neural retina inside optic nerve ganglion
• Digestion porifera intracellular in is
• Vestibular nerve function transmits info position motion brain
• Exposed part test positive starch covered koh soaked
• Ed267287da9b412fa0bde9d972164888-ao-2
• Ed267287da9b412fa0bde9d972164888-ao-3
• Ed267287da9b412fa0bde9d972164888-ao-5
• Ed267287da9b412fa0bde9d972164888-ao-7
• C4c9be9627dd4aec90381f31506469d0-ao-1
• C4c9be9627dd4aec90381f31506469d0-ao-2
• Tissues mineral ion concentration reduces dry weight considered
• 13a815178d27457291333d8642aba53a-ao-1
• 13a815178d27457291333d8642aba53a-ao-3
• Development sponges indirect in is
• 13a815178d27457291333d8642aba53a-ao-5
• 13a815178d27457291333d8642aba53a-ao-7
• 7e688be7cf4b44a8b25f8cf30c33e17c-oa-1
• 154650979a6d4b199747e89eb786b7bb-ao-3
• 859f02b757e34e94aa4776a7b41146a0-ao-1
• C3b68cf795e24acaace87dade11d6ed6-ao-1
• C3b68cf795e24acaace87dade11d6ed6-ao-3
• C3b68cf795e24acaace87dade11d6ed6-ao-4
• F84c0396600f4b7fa2e537907a250a30-ao-1
• F84c0396600f4b7fa2e537907a250a30-ao-2
• Fresh water sponge spongilla is
• F84c0396600f4b7fa2e537907a250a30-ao-3
• F84c0396600f4b7fa2e537907a250a30-ao-4
• F84c0396600f4b7fa2e537907a250a30-ao-6
• 5e86b43c10664911b9556fab50b8eaeb-ao-2
• 5e86b43c10664911b9556fab50b8eaeb-ao-4
• 5e86b43c10664911b9556fab50b8eaeb-ao-6
• Ca336727f7c7448e976e01b7e2c2b58e-ao-2
• Ca336727f7c7448e976e01b7e2c2b58e-ao-5
• Prominent symptoms manganese toxicity brown spots surrounded chlorotic
• Bea5de0bedee4f83b263fbb33160cceb-ao-1
• Bea5de0bedee4f83b263fbb33160cceb-ao-3
• Bea5de0bedee4f83b263fbb33160cceb-ao-4
• Bea5de0bedee4f83b263fbb33160cceb-ao-6
• 7d0e36ca25fd40ad9a458c4a664743c6-ao-2
• 7d0e36ca25fd40ad9a458c4a664743c6-ao-4
• 7d0e36ca25fd40ad9a458c4a664743c6-ao-7
• 7d0e36ca25fd40ad9a458c4a664743c6-ao-9
• E2c7d2daa27d48e1a2711fb288b91c39-ao-1
• E2c7d2daa27d48e1a2711fb288b91c39-ao-3
• B001e7d349244467938afc2cb22db6f7-ao-5
• E2c7d2daa27d48e1a2711fb288b91c39-ao-5
• C191968612b0446bb90570422818e446-ao-2
• E2c7d2daa27d48e1a2711fb288b91c39-ao-6
• 4701a30e8cf84cec977d60b21c680d7d-ao-2
• 4701a30e8cf84cec977d60b21c680d7d-ao-5
• Fb0a326df1f3405bab1075ccf1ee6be0-ao-2
• 8f5475349f724b2cbc3cce2f9452a6d6-ao-1
• 8c5cd27a43ba450ca7e380652a412c29-ao-1
• 8c5cd27a43ba450ca7e380652a412c29-ao-3
• 8c5cd27a43ba450ca7e380652a412c29-ao-4
• 52d702d1c4f344f58a4ca1640f6e97ee-ao-2
• D2a8b48358a74fcc824b49d642988266-ao-3
• D2a8b48358a74fcc824b49d642988266-ao-6
• A921c5977f754c03864588f62ff8caef-ao-2
• Pinguicula butterwort is another name
• C191968612b0446bb90570422818e446-ao-3
• C191968612b0446bb90570422818e446-ao-6
• 0b5667083f294deeaf071033c7346ed6-ao-3
• 487c5b5c68084c9eb9baa2e74c421e8c-ao-3
• 487c5b5c68084c9eb9baa2e74c421e8c-ao-6
• 487c5b5c68084c9eb9baa2e74c421e8c-ao-9
• 487c5b5c68084c9eb9baa2e74c421e8c-ao-10
• 487c5b5c68084c9eb9baa2e74c421e8c-ao-11
• 487c5b5c68084c9eb9baa2e74c421e8c-ao-14
• 487c5b5c68084c9eb9baa2e74c421e8c-ao-17
• 6f54d6c659e84f14b17ae86c32fa7d90-ao-3
• 2378d02721d54dd4b9b8b0f81e18bb5b-ao-1
• 6b1778fdeba04574b96fa2daeb377327-ao-1
• 6b1778fdeba04574b96fa2daeb377327-ao-2
• 6b1778fdeba04574b96fa2daeb377327-ao-5
• 97159faef8164bd9b3c6b278c7afa242-ao-3
• 7ae5ad5946b3414a9b3aabd2a763cb07-ao-1
• 7ae5ad5946b3414a9b3aabd2a763cb07-ao-4
• 7ae5ad5946b3414a9b3aabd2a763cb07-ao-7
• 7ae5ad5946b3414a9b3aabd2a763cb07-ao-8
• 0ab8bce368f34ca08e87cdc07ec07096-ao-1
• 5e49982f49ea4e1f900d25ece0146f3d-ao-1
• C35a2a74a85f46858966bff242978ad5-ao-3
• C35a2a74a85f46858966bff242978ad5-ao-6
• Db54b45e362743cd91d1d7b82aa16cb6-ao-3
• Db54b45e362743cd91d1d7b82aa16cb6-ao-4
• Oldest seed world lupinus arcticus
• Db54b45e362743cd91d1d7b82aa16cb6-ao-7
• 462c6d1daf574d82b5b3493352d77857-ao-1
• 462c6d1daf574d82b5b3493352d77857-ao-5
• 462c6d1daf574d82b5b3493352d77857-ao-9
• 43a9a55f4a1a4ccb8fd04c6ef9cf8a2b-ao-8
• 43a9a55f4a1a4ccb8fd04c6ef9cf8a2b-ao-9
• 43a9a55f4a1a4ccb8fd04c6ef9cf8a2b-ao-11
• 7e52629201a141ccb4d254cc01aea511-ao-3
• 7e52629201a141ccb4d254cc01aea511-ao-5
• F6a6efff331943e3a37c07877707d118-ao-1
• True microbodies bound membrane false
• 1058c9c770354278b91324c637a9bf67-ao-1
• B001e7d349244467938afc2cb22db6f7-ao-7
• C6398c8d93764d608be16dca90802762-ao-1
• 75357c96417e41f3a07ba660531f4483-ao-1
• 529170de309a44d088a6330f3e05d645-ao-4
• F1488a3987434c38adaac5fe81b1cea7-ao-2
• 61c02a6166964b1cb336a62cd0162765-ao-4
• 27019f58a81b44949438d3dbf87d7329-ao-1
• 27019f58a81b44949438d3dbf87d7329-ao-2
• 27019f58a81b44949438d3dbf87d7329-ao-3
• Fe91560846054b7c807097e600759d10-ao-2
• Bd07faec9dde43168bb8ee995bc9db9c-ao-2
• Bd07faec9dde43168bb8ee995bc9db9c-ao-6
• Bd07faec9dde43168bb8ee995bc9db9c-ao-10
• 46ee6a658af148a7884292bc5423d74b-ao-2
• 46ee6a658af148a7884292bc5423d74b-ao-3
• 46ee6a658af148a7884292bc5423d74b-ao-6
• Neural organisation insects brain ganglia tissues
• Afferent fibres pns transmit impulses tissues/organs cns
• 94280b69be4e4a40a157ce75072a1772-ao-1
• 94280b69be4e4a40a157ce75072a1772-ao-3
• 73160baaa24d4a1ead19b4aaea35fdab-ao-2
• 73160baaa24d4a1ead19b4aaea35fdab-ao-6
• 73160baaa24d4a1ead19b4aaea35fdab-ao-7
• 73160baaa24d4a1ead19b4aaea35fdab-ao-8
• 9714ef4e3da44bb883eb20b5967334fc-ao-4
• 9714ef4e3da44bb883eb20b5967334fc-ao-8
• B001e7d349244467938afc2cb22db6f7-ao-1
• B001e7d349244467938afc2cb22db6f7-ao-6
• B001e7d349244467938afc2cb22db6f7-ao-11
• 8f6a7afabce64b879ed5b7915c09ad84-ao-1
• 95a4dc017e0f408b8907939f2c3b3f5a-oa-2
• 95a4dc017e0f408b8907939f2c3b3f5a-oa-5
• 95a4dc017e0f408b8907939f2c3b3f5a-oa-7
• 95a4dc017e0f408b8907939f2c3b3f5a-oa-8
• 95a4dc017e0f408b8907939f2c3b3f5a-oa-11
• 95a4dc017e0f408b8907939f2c3b3f5a-oa-15
• F2169abd94cd4a69baf46c2307427358-oa-1
• Dcb90a4bf08c4feca3c27412947a197b-ao-11
• C2eae31de9ee42448799917ec818ef3d-ao-1
• C2eae31de9ee42448799917ec818ef3d-ao-3
• Cycling chemosynthetic bacteria chemoautotrophs nitrobacter nitrococcus nitrogen recycling
• C2eae31de9ee42448799917ec818ef3d-ao-6
• C2eae31de9ee42448799917ec818ef3d-ao-8
• 4205865ab638479ca0218a5d7e40faca-ao-2
• 4205865ab638479ca0218a5d7e40faca-ao-5
• 4205865ab638479ca0218a5d7e40faca-ao-6
• 4205865ab638479ca0218a5d7e40faca-ao-7
• 4205865ab638479ca0218a5d7e40faca-ao-9
• 744c946106fd4f718fd0491d217a7fb2-ao-2
• 744c946106fd4f718fd0491d217a7fb2-ao-4
• Df463ab5b8e64a5d9c7c4b21fb93cc59-ao-1
• Df463ab5b8e64a5d9c7c4b21fb93cc59-ao-4
• Df463ab5b8e64a5d9c7c4b21fb93cc59-ao-6
• 46aae5e637ba437f949f181235d0f5bb-ao-3
• 46aae5e637ba437f949f181235d0f5bb-ao-4
• F4b498734744429a95a322598266783e-ao-2
• F4b498734744429a95a322598266783e-ao-4
• B48ec48485d24f71b901d57869f78eb8-ao-1
• B48ec48485d24f71b901d57869f78eb8-ao-3
• B48ec48485d24f71b901d57869f78eb8-ao-8
• B48ec48485d24f71b901d57869f78eb8-ao-10
• B48ec48485d24f71b901d57869f78eb8-ao-12
• 85677e04ef9449aeaab70bea9385a706-ao-1
• 85677e04ef9449aeaab70bea9385a706-ao-2
• 85677e04ef9449aeaab70bea9385a706-ao-4
• 85677e04ef9449aeaab70bea9385a706-ao-6
• 85677e04ef9449aeaab70bea9385a706-ao-10
• F5aed0f5c406430a97e8bb2341c89dad-ao-1
• F5aed0f5c406430a97e8bb2341c89dad-ao-4
• 98114fda765b40d48ac6cbb9af0a64bd-ao-2
• 98114fda765b40d48ac6cbb9af0a64bd-ao-4
• 7a7328cf92f841d4a123e3842b180f29-ao-1
• 7a7328cf92f841d4a123e3842b180f29-ao-2
• Ff3725732a864c81bbc215d8e8457dd8-ao-2
• 415d4d3b999f4762839590b9652f284a-ao-3
• 94c1fc9c54ff41069c1b44bb00c46f11-ao-1
• 94c1fc9c54ff41069c1b44bb00c46f11-ao-3
• 336871f39d83472ebcdb72f0394f7165-ao-2
• 336871f39d83472ebcdb72f0394f7165-ao-4
• Bc6018645333455e8aa6a13545e55a13-ao-1
• Bc6018645333455e8aa6a13545e55a13-ao-2
• 908ab6b1252d40b482f32208721c0653-ao-1
• 908ab6b1252d40b482f32208721c0653-ao-4
• 5e9187d3dcff49628e3bf6c56babe102-ao-1
• 5e9187d3dcff49628e3bf6c56babe102-ao-3
• 5e9187d3dcff49628e3bf6c56babe102-ao-6
• 1230608559fa42f597750ac485bf3dcb-ao-1
• 1230608559fa42f597750ac485bf3dcb-ao-4
• 1230608559fa42f597750ac485bf3dcb-ao-5
• 43be875bfb5645b6b4a3b9abec903433-ao-2
• 43be875bfb5645b6b4a3b9abec903433-ao-5
• 43be875bfb5645b6b4a3b9abec903433-ao-7
• 43be875bfb5645b6b4a3b9abec903433-ao-9
• 43be875bfb5645b6b4a3b9abec903433-ao-12
• 43be875bfb5645b6b4a3b9abec903433-ao-14
• F283f89b70ff44429e2404fc4f64acc1-ao-1
• F283f89b70ff44429e2404fc4f64acc1-ao-2
• F283f89b70ff44429e2404fc4f64acc1-ao-3
• F283f89b70ff44429e2404fc4f64acc1-ao-5
• F283f89b70ff44429e2404fc4f64acc1-ao-7
• F283f89b70ff44429e2404fc4f64acc1-ao-9
• F283f89b70ff44429e2404fc4f64acc1-ao-12
• 43a1aa8457fd4a188b52157c4e6ef460-ao-2
• 43a1aa8457fd4a188b52157c4e6ef460-ao-4
• A0104963351a4c1c9d1a46837130751a-ao-3
• Classification axial bones of 80
• A0104963351a4c1c9d1a46837130751a-ao-4
• A0104963351a4c1c9d1a46837130751a-ao-5
• A0104963351a4c1c9d1a46837130751a-ao-7
• Dbfe5534294f4cedbdbebcaa73f743af-ao-1
• Dbfe5534294f4cedbdbebcaa73f743af-ao-3
• Dbfe5534294f4cedbdbebcaa73f743af-ao-6
• Dbfe5534294f4cedbdbebcaa73f743af-ao-8
• Dbfe5534294f4cedbdbebcaa73f743af-ao-10
• 38cd7cf5478b4dce8535737edb81e484-ao-1
• 38cd7cf5478b4dce8535737edb81e484-ao-2
• Number bones skull of in
• 38cd7cf5478b4dce8535737edb81e484-ao-3
• 38cd7cf5478b4dce8535737edb81e484-ao-5
• 38cd7cf5478b4dce8535737edb81e484-ao-7
• 38cd7cf5478b4dce8535737edb81e484-ao-10
• 38cd7cf5478b4dce8535737edb81e484-ao-12
• 38cd7cf5478b4dce8535737edb81e484-ao-14
• 0b1c7d7653f54bc8a1e297228297bf89-ao-3
• 0b1c7d7653f54bc8a1e297228297bf89-ao-5
• 1eed3e9a24b342ca96bb09c8c0996def-ao-1
• 1eed3e9a24b342ca96bb09c8c0996def-ao-2
• Number bones skull region of
• 1eed3e9a24b342ca96bb09c8c0996def-ao-4
• 1eed3e9a24b342ca96bb09c8c0996def-ao-6
• E3b6c578a9a94e0a827cd5b94046f1f7-ao-2
• E3b6c578a9a94e0a827cd5b94046f1f7-ao-4
• E3b6c578a9a94e0a827cd5b94046f1f7-ao-6
• E3b6c578a9a94e0a827cd5b94046f1f7-ao-9
• E3b6c578a9a94e0a827cd5b94046f1f7-ao-11
• E3b6c578a9a94e0a827cd5b94046f1f7-ao-12
• Bd468077056f489c8a546cf9ca9eb167-ao-1
• Bd468077056f489c8a546cf9ca9eb167-ao-3
• Sexual reproduction bryophytes types oogamous
• Bd468077056f489c8a546cf9ca9eb167-ao-5
• Bd468077056f489c8a546cf9ca9eb167-ao-8
• 6eda4256c6a44c488f736d4306bf52d5-ao-1
• 6eda4256c6a44c488f736d4306bf52d5-ao-3
• 6eda4256c6a44c488f736d4306bf52d5-ao-6
• 6eda4256c6a44c488f736d4306bf52d5-ao-8
• 6eda4256c6a44c488f736d4306bf52d5-ao-9
• 6eda4256c6a44c488f736d4306bf52d5-ao-10
• E6912d15117f4550afea26443f1608dd-ao-2
• E6912d15117f4550afea26443f1608dd-ao-4
• Metacarpals metatarsals palm sole and
• 14b260c20cfd48889955886eda21ad77-ao-3
• 14b260c20cfd48889955886eda21ad77-ao-5
• 14b260c20cfd48889955886eda21ad77-ao-7
• 14b260c20cfd48889955886eda21ad77-ao-9
• 078d75cc438b439ba1c82d6dc4b24fa2-ao-3
• 078d75cc438b439ba1c82d6dc4b24fa2-ao-4
• 078d75cc438b439ba1c82d6dc4b24fa2-ao-6
• 201216a4e92c4339b8133fe3b078b8b3-ao-2
• 201216a4e92c4339b8133fe3b078b8b3-ao-4
• 3917af4c51854bbcb5ae7fe007519ab9-ao-3
• Flagella longitudinal transverse furrow dinoflagellates
• A0fd1065c8a249309bd10ca6fe159531-ao-13
• A0fd1065c8a249309bd10ca6fe159531-ao-14
• A0fd1065c8a249309bd10ca6fe159531-ao-16
• A0fd1065c8a249309bd10ca6fe159531-ao-19
• 4458ddefa1ba46d9995703dce54e5400-ao-3
• 4458ddefa1ba46d9995703dce54e5400-ao-6
• 4458ddefa1ba46d9995703dce54e5400-ao-8
• 4458ddefa1ba46d9995703dce54e5400-ao-11
• 4458ddefa1ba46d9995703dce54e5400-ao-12
• 4458ddefa1ba46d9995703dce54e5400-ao-13
• 4458ddefa1ba46d9995703dce54e5400-ao-15
• B2ae823b59754432b485812d6b3105fe-ao-2
• B2ae823b59754432b485812d6b3105fe-ao-5
• Cec45ebd81584e29a363e3667792f395-ao-1
• Cec45ebd81584e29a363e3667792f395-ao-4
• Cec45ebd81584e29a363e3667792f395-ao-6
• C720bca15a1a4129b9493a1dd7ddc1cb-ao-2
• 497e15b5c88a4288b510abc9c47f048f-ao-1
• A3e1d5a6b1d6492491addf7c2be6e0fe-ao-2
• A3e1d5a6b1d6492491addf7c2be6e0fe-ao-4
• 610b8455378249398a0e369386d5e603-ao-1
• 610b8455378249398a0e369386d5e603-ao-4
• Silica shell present amoeboid in
• 610b8455378249398a0e369386d5e603-ao-7
• D4d558e2bdaf437eb36bbcb763cd9299-ao-3
• D4d558e2bdaf437eb36bbcb763cd9299-ao-4
• D4d558e2bdaf437eb36bbcb763cd9299-ao-8
• 63532efaa06f4105a410b5772f19e0a3-oa-1
• 63532efaa06f4105a410b5772f19e0a3-oa-4
• 76a39750c7e246cda7f688c0c69083f9-ao-2
• 76a39750c7e246cda7f688c0c69083f9-ao-6
• 76a39750c7e246cda7f688c0c69083f9-ao-9
• 76a39750c7e246cda7f688c0c69083f9-ao-11
• Ea488fa3b353416595a5a7c27863f645-oa-1
• 97c736f64da54d72b7c6b98fe8c5bff4-oa-1
• Ff1583e022824943aeb818af67662b38-oa-1
• B6a3b960ee9445cdaca34a50ee43bf2c-oa-1
• 15adcdf4cd7642889e0324f154af13d6-oa-1
• D58586e94f1b489b9961defcae123948-oa-1
• Bf702425ad664082901140292a55b88a-oa-1
• C2b1b8518933467c952b33add2bc87e5-ao-3

Next page »

Next deck: Cell Structure

Previous deck: GCSE Biology AQA (9-1) Triple

Up: Index