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Bone Callus Due Clot Formed Osteoblasts Occurs Rupture

Front Repair process of bone
Back • Bleeding occurs due to rupture of blood vessels
• A clot (haematoma) is formed
• Due to lack of nutrition, bone cells die
• There is pain and inflammation

• Capillaries grow into the clot
• Phagocytic cells enter and begin to clean the debris
• Due to the rupture of Periosteum, osteoblasts are released
• Osteoblasts and Fibroblasts begin to secrete the callus
• Within 3-4 weeks, the blood clot is replaced by the soft callus
(Fibrocartilaginous callus).

• Ossification of callus occurs and it is gradually converted into a hard callus of *spongy bone*
• Osteoclasts break the cartilage and osteoblasts replace it with bone
• By the end of 2 months, a firm union has been formed (spongy bone).

REMODELLING:
• After several months, the compact bone is formed in which *osteons* extend across the fracture line
• The excess bone material is removed from the sides

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