A de george bush al feature example the president usain

The De dicto reading of "The US President in 2001 could not have been Al Gore" is false as things could have gone differently, while the De re reading is true because George W. Bush could not have been Al Gore.

La lettura De dicto di "Il Presidente USA nel 2001 non poteva essere Al Gore" è falsa perché le cose potevano andare diversamente, mentre la lettura De re è vera perché George W. Bush non poteva essere Al Gore.

Text	example: "The President of the USAin 2001 could not have been Al Gore". This claim seems false on a de dicto reading. Presumably, things could have gone differently, with the Supreme Court notclaiming that Bush had won the election. But it looks more plausible on a de re reading. After all, we might skeptically wonder of George W. Bush whether he could have been Al Gore. Indeed, assuming that being George Bush is an essential feature of George Bush and that this feature is incompatible with being Al Gore, a de re reading of the statement is true.

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example: "The President of the USAin 2001 could not have been Al Gore". This claim seems false on a de dicto reading. Presumably, things could have gone differently, with the Supreme Court notclaiming that Bush had won the election. But it looks more plausible on a de re reading. After all, we might skeptically wonder of George W. Bush whether he could have been Al Gore. Indeed, assuming that being George Bush is an essential feature of George Bush and that this feature is incompatible with being Al Gore, a de re reading of the statement is true.

Tags: fallacies

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