Humoral immunity controls responses to extracellular antigens, involving B lymphocytes and antibody production. Clonal selection and expansion lead to plasma cells producing antibodies that neutralize or mark pathogens.
تتحكم المناعة الخلطية في الاستجابة للأنتيجينات خارج الخلية، حيث تنتج الخلايا البائية الأجسام المضادة. تتضمن العملية الاختيار والتوسع الاستنساخي، حيث تستجيب الخلايا البائية المنشطة للأنتيجينات، وتنتج خلايا بلازما تنتج أجسامًا مضادة تمنع مسببات الأمراض.
| Front | Humoral immunity 4.1.1(f) and (g) |
|---|---|
| Back | Humoral immunity (body responds to antigens outside cells and APCs, humoral immunity system produces antibodies soluble in blood/tissue fluid, - B lymphocytes have antibodies (IgM), once pathogen (with specific antigen/toxins acting as antigens) enters, B cell with complementary antibodies bind, engulfs and processed antigens to become APCs - activated T helper cells bind to B cell APC (clonal selection, which is the point where B cell with correct antibody cloned), interleukins produced by activated T helper cells activate B cells - activated B cell divides to give clones of plasma/B memmory cells (clonal expansion) - cloned plasma cells produce antibodies that fit antigens, they bind and disable them, or act as opsonins/agglutinins (primary immune response, which takes days/weeks for full effectivness so symptoms before PIR fully operational - some cloned B cells develop into B memmory cells, which upon second invasion, divide into plasma cell clones, producing right antibody to wipe out pathogen before it causes symptoms (secondary immune response) |
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