Pathogens are transmitted between plants through direct contact, indirect soil contamination, or vectors like wind, water, animals, humans, and fomites.
تنتقل مسببات الأمراض بين النباتات عن طريق الاتصال المباشر، أو التلوث غير المباشر للتربة، أو النواقل مثل الرياح والمياه والحيوانات والبشر والأشياء غير الحية.
| Front | transmission of pathogens between plants; 4.1.1(b) |
|---|---|
| Back | transmission of pathogens between plants; - direct (direct contact of healthy plant with any part of diseased plant - indirect (soil contamination where infected plant leaves pathogens in soil which can infect next crop, and vectors such as wind/water carrying spores, animals carry between plants as they feed, humans transmit by hands, fomites and farming) |
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