Non-specific defenses refer to the body's responses to eliminate pathogens, including fever, which raises temperature to inhibit pathogen reproduction and speed up the immune system, and phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) that engulf and destroy pathogens through phagocytosis. Antigen-presenting cells, like macrophages, display pathogen antigens to stimulate the specific immune response.
La defensa no específica se refiere a las respuestas del cuerpo para eliminar patógenos, incluyendo la fiebre, que eleva la temperatura para inhibir la reproducción de patógenos y acelerar el sistema inmunitario, y los fagocitos (neutrófilos y macrófagos) que engullen y destruyen patógenos mediante fagocitosis. Las células presentadoras de antígenos, como los macrófagos, muestran antígenos patógenos para estimular la respuesta inmunitaria específica.
| Front | non specific defences (rid of pathogens) 4.1.1(d) and (e) |
|---|---|
| Back | non specific defences (rid of pathogens) - fever (normal body temp maintained by hypothalamus, when pathogens invade, cytokines stimulate hypo to reset thermostat and temp higher so that; - pathogens repro inhibited and specific immune sytsem works faster - phagocytes are WBCs that engulf and destroy pathogens, 2 types (neutrophils and macrophages), phago build up at site of infection and attack pathogens phagocytosis;- pathogens produce chemicals attracting phagocytes - phagocytes recognise non self proteins on pathogens (not specific) - phagocyte engulfs pathogen and enclose in vacuole (phagosome) - phagosome combines with lysosome to form pagolysosome, enzymes from lysosome digest/destroy pathogen - pus consists of dead neutrophils and pathogens - neutrophils take less than 10 mins while macrophages take longer - when macrophage digests pathogen, it combines antigens from pathogen with glycoproteins called major histocompatability complex, MHC moves antigens to macrophages surface, becoming an antigen presenting cell, antigens now stimulate other cells involved in specific immune response |
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