Seeds Species Breeding Partners Genetic Situ Stored Embryo

Ex situ

- Botanic gardens (plant species actively managed with best resources to grow e.g nutrients, watering and removal of pests, majority of species not conserved which may have advantageous genes)

- seed bank (example of gene bank, seeds stored so they can be grown in future as backup to extinction, seeds dried and stored at -20 degrees to slow rate at which they lose ability to germinate, some seeds die when frozen/dried like all tropical rainforest seeds

- captive breeding (produce offspring of species in human-controlled enviro, aim is to create stable, healthy pop of species, then gradually reintroduce into natural habitat, provides animals with shelter, food, protection and treatment, suitable breeding partners can be imported from another zoo, maintaining genetic diversity difficult as few breeding partners available, so mating is arranged to maximise genetic diversity, techniques such as artificial insemination, embryo transfer and long-term embryo storage allow new genetic lines to be introduced without need to transfer partners between zoos