Non-specific external defenses include the skin, which prevents pathogen entry with its beneficial flora and sebum, and mucous membranes in body tracts that trap and destroy microorganisms. Tears, urine, stomach acid, and expulsive reflexes (coughing, sneezing, vomiting, diarrhea) also protect against pathogen entry and spread.
Las defensas no específicas externas incluyen la piel, que previene la entrada de patógenos con su flora beneficiosa y sebo, y las membranas mucosas en las vías corporales que atrapan y destruyen microorganismos. Las lágrimas, la orina, el ácido estomacal y los reflejos expulsivos (tos, estornudos, vómitos, diarrea) también protegen contra la entrada y propagación de patógenos.
| Front | non specific defences (keep em out) 4.1.1(d) |
|---|---|
| Back | non specific defences (keep em out) - skin prevents entry of pathogens, has a skin flora of healthy microorganisms (outcompete with pathogens for space) and produces sebum (oily subtance inhibiting growth of pathogens) - body tracts lined with mucuous membranes (secrete mucus), trapping microorganisms and its lysozymes destroy bacterial/fungal cell walls, its phagocytesremove remaining pathogens - lysozymes in tears/urine and acid in stomach prevent entering body - expulsive reflexes (coughs, sneeze, both eject pathogen laden mucus in gas exchange system and vommiting and diorrhoea which expel contents of gut with pathogens) |
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