This card explains the mechanisms of inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration), including the actions of the diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and the resulting changes in thoracic volume and pressure.
Tato karta podrobně vysvětluje mechanismy nádechu (inspirace) a výdechu (expirace), včetně činnosti bránice, mezižeberních svalů a změn objemu a tlaku v hrudní dutině.
| Front | Inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation) 3.1.1(d) |
|---|---|
| Back | - inspiration- Energy using process, diaphragm contracts (flattens/lowers), ECM contract (moves ribs up and out), vol of thorax inc so pressure dec, pressure of atmospheric air inc, so air drawn in (equalizing pressures inside/outside chest) - expiration- passive, diaphragm moves up into resting domed shape (as muscles relax), ECM relax (ribs move down and in), elastic fibres in alveoli return to normal length, vol of thorax dec, pressure now larger in thorax than atmospheric air (air moves out of lungs until pressures equalized) |
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