Pathology intro

This flashcard deck covers the fundamental concepts of pathology. Key topics include the definition and types of diseases (acute and chronic), causes of disease (etiology, idiopathic, iatrogenic), pathophysiology, differences between signs and symptoms, lesions, morbidity and mortality concepts, calculation of incidence and prevalence, congenital and genetic abnormalities, physical and chemical injuries, infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases, vascular diseases with ischemia and hypoxia, meanings of true/false positive and negative test results, test sensitivity and specificity, and clinical use of diagnostic tests. Overall, it provides comprehensive foundational knowledge essential for understanding pathology.

このフラッシュカードセットは病理学の基本概念をカバーしています。主なトピックは、病気の定義や種類（急性疾患と慢性疾患）、病気の原因（病因論、特発性、医原性）、病態生理学、臨床的な症状と徴候の違い、病変や罹患率・死亡率の概念、罹患率・有病率の計算方法、先天性異常や遺伝子異常、物理的・化学的損傷、感染症と非感染性の炎症、血管疾患における虚血と低酸素、診断検査における真陽性・偽陽性・真陰性・偽陰性の意味、検査の感度と特異度、及び臨床現場での検査の使い方について説明しています。全体として、病理学の理解に必要な基礎的知識を広範囲にわたって網羅しています。

Learn using these flashcards. Click a card to start.

• Unhealthy state caused effects injury disease
• Arises rapidly accompanied distinctive symptoms lasts short time
• Kind disease osteoarthritis chronic what
• Disease type otitis media acute
• Disease etiology cause of
• Disease caused medical diagnosis treatment iatrogenic
• Mechanisms abnormal function expressed pathophysiology
• Manifestation disease reported patient symptom
• Short-term long-term disability due disease morbidity
• Outcome disease death mortality  of
• Incidence rate is also known
• Number cases present population time prevalence
• Prevalence as  is also known
• Congenital present birth what does
• Definite genetic developmental anomalies without
• Tests examples sensitive pap smears psa
• Defects ranging chromosome abnormalities single gene result metabolic
• High test predictive population prevalence
• Improper antigenic exposure childhood hygiene hypothesis david strachan
• Bacteria human gut trillion how
• Species bacteria human how many
• Firmicutes include streptococcus clostridium staphylococcus
• Bacteroidetes include bacteroides fragility flavobacteria
• Gut bacteria break carbs produce vitamins k b12
• Human genes bacterial origin how
• Helminths humans infected worms beneficial
• Fractures cuts crush stretch  trauma
• Burns freezing radiation electricity thermal
• Soaps bleach insecticides plants venom poisons
• Infections things inflammatory diseases what
• Things vascular disease ischemia hypoxia
• Blood tissues ischemia too little
• Type tests normal true negative false
• Positives type tests abnormal false true
• False positive test person factually disease
• True positive test person disease
• Ability test positive presence disease sensitivity
• Type test clinic sensitive which
• Improper antigenic exposure adulthood hygiene hypothesis david barker
• Hypothesis deals believing ancient microbes create proper development
• Biome due depletion  hygiene inappropriate hypothesis theory  depletion
• Type lymphoids gut bacteria produce galt
• Demodex mites microscopic arachnids live hair follicles eyelashes
• Disease study body structure function result includes nature
• Abnormal function structural loss homeostasis disease
• Begins slowly signs symptoms difficult interpret persists long
• Unknown idiopathic of causes
• Sequence events leading manifestations disease pathogenesis
• Manifestation disease observer sign of
• Collection signs symptoms syndrome of
• Change structural tissue organ morphology)  localized representing wound/injury
• Frequency disease overt period time population  incidence
• Number equation incidence cases year persons population
• Number persons prevalence equation disease moment time population
• Heredity congenital abnormalities genetic defects developmental anomalies 
• Things physical injury trauma  thermal
• Things chemical injury poisons drugs environmental hazards
• Aspirin tranquilizers narcotics vitamins drugs
• Viruses bacteria fungi protozoan worms infections
• Oxygen decreased common cellular injury underlying process disease
• True negative result person disease
• Test false negative correctly person disease
• Ability test negative absence disease specificity 
• Examples specific tests cervical prostate biopsy

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