Pathology intro

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• Disease study body structure function result includes nature
• Unhealthy state caused effects injury disease
• Abnormal function structural loss homeostasis disease
• Arises rapidly accompanied distinctive symptoms lasts short time
• Begins slowly signs symptoms difficult interpret persists long
• Kind disease osteoarthritis chronic what
• Disease type otitis media acute
• Disease etiology cause of
• Unknown idiopathic of causes
• Disease caused medical diagnosis treatment iatrogenic
• Sequence events leading manifestations disease pathogenesis
• Mechanisms abnormal function expressed pathophysiology
• Manifestation disease observer sign of
• Manifestation disease reported patient symptom
• Collection signs symptoms syndrome of
• Change structural tissue organ morphology)  localized representing wound/injury
• Short-term long-term disability due disease morbidity
• Outcome disease death mortality  of
• Frequency disease overt period time population  incidence
• Incidence rate is also known
• Number equation incidence cases year persons population
• Number cases present population time prevalence
• Prevalence as  is also known
• Number persons prevalence equation disease moment time population
• Congenital present birth what does
• Definite genetic developmental anomalies without
• Heredity congenital abnormalities genetic defects developmental anomalies 
• Defects ranging chromosome abnormalities single gene result metabolic
• Things physical injury trauma  thermal
• Fractures cuts crush stretch  trauma
• Burns freezing radiation electricity thermal
• Things chemical injury poisons drugs environmental hazards
• Soaps bleach insecticides plants venom poisons
• Aspirin tranquilizers narcotics vitamins drugs
• Infections things inflammatory diseases what
• Viruses bacteria fungi protozoan worms infections
• Things vascular disease ischemia hypoxia
• Blood tissues ischemia too little
• Oxygen decreased common cellular injury underlying process disease
• Type tests normal true negative false
• Positives type tests abnormal false true
• True negative result person disease
• Test false negative correctly person disease
• False positive test person factually disease
• True positive test person disease
• Ability test positive presence disease sensitivity
• Ability test negative absence disease specificity 
• Type test clinic sensitive which
• Tests examples sensitive pap smears psa
• Examples specific tests cervical prostate biopsy
• High test predictive population prevalence
• Improper antigenic exposure adulthood hygiene hypothesis david barker
• Improper antigenic exposure childhood hygiene hypothesis david strachan
• Hypothesis deals believing ancient microbes create proper development
• Biome due depletion  hygiene inappropriate hypothesis theory  depletion
• Bacteria human gut trillion how
• Species bacteria human how many
• Firmicutes include streptococcus clostridium staphylococcus
• Bacteroidetes include bacteroides fragility flavobacteria
• Gut bacteria break carbs produce vitamins k b12
• Type lymphoids gut bacteria produce galt
• Human genes bacterial origin how
• Demodex mites microscopic arachnids live hair follicles eyelashes
• Helminths humans infected worms beneficial

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