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A-Level Biology OCR A

Maintain Microorganism Production Stage Oxygenation Bioreactors Medium Describe

Commercial penicillin production uses the mold Penicillium chrysogenum in a semi-continuous batch process. It requires a rich nutrient medium, a pH of 6.5, and temperatures of 25-27°C, with careful oxygenation control through constant stirring in smaller fermenters.

La producción comercial de penicilina utiliza el moho Penicillium chrysogenum en un proceso por lotes semicontinuo. Requiere un medio de cultivo rico, un pH de 6.5 y temperaturas de 25-27°C, con un control cuidadoso de la oxigenación mediante agitación constante en fermentadores más pequeños.

Front Describe how penicillin is produced commercially, including the name of the microorganism and conditions needed for microorganism to grow well.
Back Production of penicillin:
  • Penicillium chrysogenum mould used in a semi-continuous batch process
  • First stage - fungus growth, second stage - production of penicillin, finally drug is extracted and purified
  • Small fermenters used bc difficult to maintain high levels of oxygenation in large bioreactors
  • Mixture continuously stirred to maintain oxygenation
  • Rich nutrient medium
  • Growth medium contains buffer to maintain pH at around 6.5
  • Bioreactors maintained at 25-27*C

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