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A-Level Biology OCR A

Nervous Autonomic System Somatic Muscle Acetylcholine Effectors Axons

Key differences between somatic and autonomic nervous systems include control (conscious vs. subconscious), neurotransmitters used (acetylcholine vs. noradrenaline/acetylcholine), neural pathway structure (direct vs. two neurons with ganglia), and axon myelination.

Las diferencias clave entre los sistemas nervioso somático y autónomo incluyen el control (consciente vs. subconsciente), los neurotransmisores utilizados (acetilcolina vs. noradrenalina/acetilcolina), la estructura de las vías neuronales (directa vs. dos neuronas con ganglios) y el tipo de mielinización de los axones.

Front State 4 differences between autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system.
Back Autonomic vs somatic:
  • Somatic nervous system is under conscious control (eg skeletal muscle movement), autonomic nervous system is not (eg gland, cardiac muscle activity)
  • Somatic nervous system uses acetylcholine at effector synapses, autonomic uses noradrenaline for sympathetic activity & acetylcholine for parasympathetic
  • In somatic nervous system, neurone cell bodies are in brain/spinal cord & impulses travel directly to effectors, in autonomic there are 2 neurones in series between CNS and effectors with synapses at ganglia
  • In autonomic, preganglionic axons are lightly myelinated, postganglionic are unmyelinated whereas in somatic, all axons are heavily myelinated

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