Pioneer species affect the environment by dying and decomposing, releasing organic products (humus) into the soil, enabling it to support new plant species due to minerals and water retention.
Le specie pioniere influenzano l'ambiente morendo e decomponendosi, rilasciando prodotti organici (humus) nel suolo, rendendolo capace di sostenere nuove specie vegetali grazie a minerali e capacità di ritenzione idrica.
| Front | Describe the pioneer effect species have on the environment. |
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| Back | Pioneer effect:
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