A-level History Britain: Wars and Welfare 1906-57

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• Hobson hobhouse provided intellectual foundation liberalism
• Britain wheat sold in 1/4
• Million people working agriculture dropped due mechanisation imported
• Students fewer british taking applied sciences university germany
• G chemical industry 2x size b
• Artificial dyes british army imported germany
• Liberals created basic minimum state intervention prevent people
• Wspus motto deeds words what
• Nickname wspu suffragettes the what
• Leader wspu emmeline pankhurst the
• Wspu set when was the
• Conservatives seats won 1906 157
• Liberal seats won 1906 401
• Date licensing act  of the
• Date education act of the
• Policy conservatives poor laissez-faire the
• Boer war moral outrage caused by  interning civilians
• Chinese labourers coolies name given
• Population york poverty line rowntree's study 
• Percentage people physically unfit fight boer war
• Lib-lab pact made in 1903
• Lib-lab pact prevented splitting of  anti-conservative vote
• Labour put candidates won seats
• Number coolies created concerns tus system extended britain
• Seats labour won pact of
• Proportion liberal candidates included proposals social reforms
• Non-conformists viewed education act rome rates
• Joseph chamberlain role gov colonial secretary 
• Non-conformists viewed licensing act subsidy sin
• Education act conservatives won elections
• Number non-conformists vote election  the
• Joseph chamberlain introduce idea tariff reform birmingham 
• Tariff reform described  bread butter issue' 
• Non-conformists viewed licensing act  brewers bill beliefs temperance
• Trade union sued taff vale case  amalgamated society
• Taff vale company sued tu case:  railway company 
• Balfour thought introducing act parliament taff vale case
• Number conservatives favour tariff reform: 
• Seats conservatives won tariff reformers? 
• Daily express tariff reform food cost
• Balfour's indecision tariff reform free trade protection
• Boer war when was the
• Chinese labour issue date 1902-04
• Taff vale case date 1901
• Chamberlain imperial preference thought tariffs protect british industry
• Tariff reform campaign launched joesph chamberlain
• Electoral system election  past post 
• Thing rule house lords judgement  act parliament
• Boer war prompted growth liberalism unearthed horrors industrialised
• National raised concerns efficiency boer war britain struggled
• Boer war manchester volunteers turned warnings b's imperial
• Working class men vote by 
• Social reform political advantage lib+lab competing working class
• People poverty seebohm rowntree's report york line significant
• Charlie booth's study  factors causing poverty poors control
• Charlie booth's study factors causing poverty low pay
• Bismarckian social policy show benefits state intervention g
• B weak compared countries overtaken g america decline
• Green believed positive freedom individual free constraints poverty. 
• Threat factors contributing growth liberalism intellectuals britains place
• Staple industries formed start industrial revolution
• Give examples staple industries textiles steel coal  shipbuilding
• Give examples industries electronic engineering chemicals motor vehicle
• Trade gap definition country importing visible goods exporting
• Dividends definition share profit made company
• Exports invisible definition  services opposed physical visible goods
• Give examples invisible exports insurance  banking  investment
• Growth rate definition  extra amount industry grows year
• J hobson believed in  government intervention
• Hobhouse believed  taxation fund intervention
• Charles booth carry scientific estimates poverty
• People charles booth interview scientific estimates poverty
• Charles booth people scientfic estimates living poverty line
• Reason labour party cohesive made ilp socialists tu
• Reason hardie strong force failed unite mps conflicting
• Osbourne judgement when was the
• Osbourne judgement levies what did
• Labour mps osbourne judgement disaster party working class 
• Labour pact scotland seats win glasgow blackfriars west
• Labour seats general election due lib-lab pact support
• Retiring lib-lab mps tendency replaced liberals labour henderson
• Parliament act do introduced state salary mps time uk
• Parliament act strengthen labour allowed mps job osbourne
• Labour exploit potential support working-class vote
• Wage economy buy britain low meant wealthy afford
• British schools producing inventors designers engineers
• Britain overtaken g+usa iron steel output
• Industries britain invest resources improving production methods staple
• Britain relied invisible exports banking investment insurance
• Changing equipment expensive britain industries established modern g/usa
• Industries employed significantly people which
• Production rise productivity fall coal mines output worker
• North american grain sold cheaply british farmers produce
• Usa prussia introduced primary education early 19th century
• Years trade gap develop britain current ccount deficit
• Years large scale electrification  of trams railways began
• Organisational skills usa b's motor industries failed adapt
• Coal mechanically britains cut america's
• Usa g protective tariff's protect dometic markets b
• High quality motors developed british engineers made large
• Germany helping industries start develop  (subsidies).  british continued
• Exports goods account by 1913
• Anti-enterprise culture meant education gave prominance latin greek
• Nations introduced protective tariffs 1880s
• B's gdp invested abroad between
• Money britain invest overseas million years invested abroad
• Problem invisible exports capital hindered domestic growth starving
• Million tonnes coal output increased
• Shipbuilding britain key nation world's
• Britain world's largest foreign investor  what invisible earnings
• Industry britain overtaken nations similar resources population steel
• Britain helped build usa's rail infrastructure b's steel
• Competition g/usa output industries continued increase iron steel
• Reliability bank england ecouraged invest britain produced dividends
• Britain world's trade in 1914
• B's wealth invested overseas by
• Wheat long period agricultural depression farming late 19th
• Staple industries britain dominant accounted exports account
• Anti-enterprise culture society's perception industry vulgar socially demeaning
• Industrial revolution population upper class increased
• Dominated upper class wealthy landowners
• Nature vast majority wealth upper class inherited
• Middle class divided sections called upper lower
• Jobs upper middle class involve professions specific training
• Income upper class professionals varied barristers compared teachers
• Lower middle class consist non-manual employees assistants clerks
• Tax proposed lloyd george people's budget affected income
• People pay pb income tax earned under £3000  6p
• People pay pb income tax earned shilling  and
• Lloyd george's proposed taxes people's budget super imposed
• Pennies shilling how many were
• People's budget tax cars dependent car's horsepower
• Gallon proposed petrol tax people's budget 3p
• Estates valued inheritance tax death duties proposed people's
• People taxed shilling p earned
• People liable super tax how
• Tax introduced people's budget taxed profits gained selling
• Hol proposed taxes throw people's budget initially pb
• Lg propose pb provide financial basis social reform
• Free trade revenue implementing pb lg wanted stick
• Votes lords refuse pb 30th november
• Happened hol refused people's budget forced general election
• Results general election jan lib seats unionists
• Seats unionists net gain jan election
• Liberals pushed position dependence jan lost majority unionist
• Convenient asquith managed form alliance ins intent removing
• Unprecendented defecit lg proposed million peace times
• Age pensions cost million considerably higher asquith's original
• People's budget needed pressing demands defence social reform
• People's budget aim provide money naval arms race
• Agricultural labourers start support tariff reform tr promised
• Lords finally accept parliament bill 11th august
• Passes journey parliament bill hol introduced edward vii
• People's budget recieve royal assent 29th april
• Parliament bill replace hol's absoloute veto year suspensory
• Liberal party morale decreased lost series by-elections due
• Tariff reform popularity increase eco recession unemployment positive
• Wspu stand womens social political union
• Unionists begin unite tariff reform aj balfour announces
• Asquith's free dealt heavy blow trade non-contributory scheme
• Tariff lloyd george aim undercut reformer's case destroying
• Lord rosebury previous lib party leader describe people's
• Events demonstrated increased quality living boer war chinese
• Education act provision meals leas power provide needy
• Pros cons education act meals improved childrens concentration
• Lea local education authority what
• Education act introduced school medical service compulsory leas
• Pros cons education act majority leas providing form
• Illegal children's act protective legislation things made parental
• Pros cons children's act protective legislation establish minimum
• Ea leas ways lib reforms affected children provide
• Pension age act provided single people married couples
• Pension single people age act shillings week
• Pension married couples age act shillings pence
• Paid benefits age pensions act scheme non-contributory general
• Pensioners million how many were
• Cons age pensions act paid elderly poor based
• Liberals helped elderly age pensions act
• Workers weekly fund national insurance sickness unemployment act
• Covered million pros ni act sickness act  workers
• Cons ni act unemployment workers covered scheme applied
• Cons ni act?(sickness covered main contributor family earning
• Set trade boards fix minimum wages inspect conditions
• Pros trade boards initially covered workers main lace
• Cons trade boards national minimum wage established covered
• Workmens compensation act compensated workers work-based accidents disease
• Compensation hard con workmen's act prove injuries due
• Shops act provided weekly half day holiday workers
• Con shops act employers make day lost longer
• Workers labour exchanges set places job employers meet
• Cons labour exchanges estimated worker found job state
• Pro labour exchanges le finding jobs day
• Workers registered labour exchange million
• Coal mine act fixed length working day underground
• Coal mine act improved safety regulations
• Cons coal mine acts cover time work hour
• Act lib reforms affected workers ni sickness unemployment
• Osbourne judgement walter challenged union amalgamated society railway
• Hol rule favour walter osbourne tus longer collect
• Percentage population working class make
• Income upper middle classes teacher barrister annum societal
• Jobs lower middle class involve non-manual e.g shop
• Shillings week seebohm rowntree estimate people needed stay
• Working class manual work what
• Percentage population the  census  show made unskilled working
• What  percentage population  did the  census  show made
• What  percentage population  did the  census  show made
• Working class divided skill level unskilled  semi-skilled  census
• E.g poor traditionally divided deserving widowed orphaned undeserving
• Average wage unskilled worker pop week provide family
• Number professionals upper middle class risen rapidly end
• Volumes charles booth publish works
• Labour party originally representative comittee lrc
• Lab mps working class lack education administrative skills
• Osbourne judgement lib party put money campaign fund
• Lab experience attribute electoral losses social reform
• Labour three-cornered contests general elections cases
• Mps lab end of  compared
• Membership socialist societies grow how
• Happened number tus affiliating lab increased contradicts osbourne
• Trade union act allowed tus collect members political
• Macdonald increased labour's popularity worked municipal level encouraged
• Happened support lab party grew grassroots level
• Election lab plan put forward candidates fight seat
• Hardie resign lab leader when
• Trade union membership increase million 
• Local labour societies increase between
• Conservative party renamed unionist in
• Conservatives formally merge liberal unionists collaborate opposition hr
• Conservative leaders decide permanent hol majority block policies
• Balfour led c hol balfour's poodle
• Long conservatives dominated hol continue rule
• Local rates taxes levied authorities pay services
• Taff vale hol rule case company sue trade
• Growth rate industries experience year
• B's share world trade decrease exporting more   to
• Type bills hol power economic
• Bill made act houses what
• Nature hol's make conservative-dominated  hereditary
• Years constitutional crisis place what
• Lloyd george introduced people's budget 29th  april lords
• Results lords vetoing pb 30th nov broke convention
• General election called lord's veto people jan
• Jan general election called peers people addressed issue
• Conservatives argue jan general election suggested alternative raise
• Seats labour win jan election
• Seats irish nationalists win jan election
• Seats liberals conservatives win jan election c lib
• Significant liberal majority jan election dependent support agree
• Hol agree jan election pass budget lib majority
• Constitutional crisis when was the
• Libs draw parliament bill uphold agreement ins
• Hol power reject parliament bill propose things amend
• Parliament bill pass commons hol 11th august
• King edward vii asquith's solution parliament bill pass
• Replaced edward vii king george v wanted avoid
• Constitutional conference place june-nov when
• Constitutional lib conservatives offer conference june-nov reject offered
• George v constitutional conference break make home rule
• Campbell-bannerman die asquith when did
• Asquith calling general election lords rejected people's budget
• Constitutional george v call conference wished avoid crisis
• King george v's condition creating peers liberals win
• Result 2nd general election december seats liberal conservative
• Seats labour december election the
• Parliament bill pass hoc the
• Parliament bill hol sharp divisions decide cooperate support
• Hol lords crucial reading parliament bill passed avoid
• Parliament act liberals legislative programme reform move forward
• Constitutional crisis result conservative party divided c balfour
• Parliament act constitution made democratic political power lower
• Hol general overview constitutional crises  reject people's budget
• General elections constitutional crises jan dec
• Nuwss stand for  national union womens suffrage society
• Nuwss nickname suffragists what was
• Nuwss led millicent fawcett who
• Nuwss formed when was the
• Nature nuwss methods give examples peaceful work leading
• Nuwss wspus methods support views women hysterical vote
• Nature wspus methods militant tactics gather attention campaign
• Give examples wspu tactics attempted arson david lloyd
• Seperate spheres ideology men involved public life government
• Seperate sphere ideology women public interference angel home
• Common belief underpinned society women's suffrage campaign women
• Giving women liberal pms feel vote campbell-bannerman half-hearted
• Suffrage made liberals hesitant support womens movement unclear
• Social liberals give women vote programme reform lib
• Women social reasons people give vote common belief
• Giving women vote widening suffrage problem men give
• People argue current issues parliament empire dealt men
• Branches wspu country london the
• Members nuwss by 1914 how
• Methods militant emerge peaceful working
• Emily davison throw front king's horse june epsom
• Members wspu by 1914 how
• Days epsom derby emily davison die head injuries) 
• Suffragettes attented emily davison's funeral
• Militant radical methods suffragettes lost support alienated contemporary
• Nuwss ally parliament labour who
• Women signed petition in 1894
• Emily davison throw front king's horse epsom derby
• Conciliation bill aim dropped asquith intented give property
• Arson attempted lloyd george's country house
• National league opposing women's suffrage formed
• Nuwss hold huge open air rally hyde park
• Conciliation bill dropped november when
• Cat mouse act introduced meant hunger striking women
• Commons reject women's suffrage bill march
• Jan government franchise bill introduces universal male suffrage
• Office wspu's violent tactics breaking windows home war
• Suffragette newspaper published when was
• Speaker hoc drop conciliation bill
• Demonstrators involved george v's coronation
• Black friday place november when
• Black friday suffragettes storm lobby hoc? 
• Police black friday due brutality women apprehend churchill
• Black friday labour mp condemned asquith george lansbury 
• Introduced cat mouse act home secretary reginald mckenna
• Cat mouse act aim avoid martyrdom result loss
• Public's reaction cat mouse act outcry thought unnatural
• Emmeline pankhurst encourage women strike due increased chance
• View due increase militant tactics gov's women change
• Public police duration davison's funeral react rearrested pankhurst 
• Wspu start smashing windows order gain attention cabinet
• Media attention suffrage movement when
• Sympathy public opinion divided support womens suffrage wspus
• Cat mouse act humiliate gov suffragettes managed escape
• Public beginning gov treat women offenders bowed pressure
• Liberals return power reduced majority asquith claim jan
• Led black friday suffragettes retaliating asquith dropping conciliation
• Arson attack dlg's house liberals deem women unfit
• Coronation suffragette march happened george v's called women's
• Women's coronation procession happen june
• Shillings pound how many were
• Regions ireland made ulster connacht leinster munster
• Religion ireland predominantly catholic what
• Home rule proposal ireland parliament government whilst remaining
• Lib home support rule 2nd dec election meant
• Act recent meant home rule parliament lords delay
• Ulster religion north east ireland  protestant
• Ulster unionists favour remaining british rule
• Supported ulster unionists conservatives believed hr undermine b's
• Economic reasons ulster unionists opposed hr industrialised part
• Siege drogheda place 3rd-11th september outset cromwellian conquest
• Irish potato famine place make hr appealing b
• Tonypandy riots happen november when
• Case hr strong start 20th c due failure
• Home rule bill introduced 11th april asquith
• Home rule bill moderate measure give ireland parliament
• 3rd hr bill stress  the supreme authority uk
• Accept 3rd hr bill wasn't  redmond sinn féin
• B gov control proposed 3rd hr bill foreign
• John redmond lord's veto thing ireland successful home
• Significance removal hol's absolute veto ulster unionists dependent
• Edward carson irish lawyer devout unionist worked closely
• Ulster covenant drawn edward carson
• Ulster covenant solemn league what
• Carson's ulster covenant protest introduction home rule bill
• Showed staunch support ulster covenant people signed blood
• Women signed ulster covenant how
• Men signed ulster covenant how
• Created uvf edward carson ulster volunteer force 3rd
• Drafted ulster covenant thomas sinclair prominent unionist businessman
• 1st person sign ulster covenant edward carson belfast
• Men women part ulster covenant sign declaration actual
• Uvf created resist imposition all-irish parliament
• Men signed covenant recruited uvf ages
• Carson's supporters managed smuggle irish port larne rifles
• Activities smuggling carson's supporters supported endorsed unionists andrew
• Army demonstrated reluctance official gov bodies oppose unionists
• Curragh mutiny show liberal politicians institutions responsible gov
• Irish volunteers formed militia were
• Main aim irish volunteers secure maintain rights liberties
• Irish volunteers summer create smuggled rifles ammunition  fears
• Hr bill introduced rejected gladstone hoc
• Hr bill introduced rejected hol vetoed
• Fait accompli describe happened what
• Votes happened 3rd hr bill jan hoc passed
• Happened 3rd hr bill april reintroduced hoc lords
• Miners tonypandy riots strikers systematically smashed windows businesses
• 3rd bill happened hr passes hoc majority defeated
• Introduced suspensory act 4th august asquith due outbreak
• Issues imperial asquith view 3rd hr bill start
• Talks redmond agree hr outbreak wwi postponing duration
• Work edward carson campaign initiated highly effective propaganda
• Unionist postcards pictorial propaganda designed mobilise sentiment ulster
• Volunteers carson offer kitchener war minister
• Carson state outbreak war large body ulster volunteers
• Definition stoppage production halted due strike
• Higher cost living compared in
• Happened unemployment decreased workers confront employers
• Social reforms happening gap rich poor widening
• Booth rowntree's reports workforce improved education increased awareness
• Unions increased power joined form federations e.g miners
• Coal mine act gain royal assent dec
• Coal mine act addition hour day boy aged
• Required act parliament law royal assent
• Days peak working lost due strike activity million
• Hopes industrial workers political structure hostile interests thought
• Trades disputes act when was
• Trades disputes act removed restrain unions legally liable
• Trade disputes act total strikes increased  unions liable
• Industrial wokrers labour party fufilled hopes passed legislation
• Industrial workers feel lib reforms disappointment
• Trade union act osbourne judgement reversed tus levies
• Syndicalist newspaper launched when was
• Syndicalism revolutionary movement  called worker violence destroy existing
• Kind economic system syndicalism propose workers manage factories
• Syndicalism closely linked gov considered socialism  dangerous
• Syndicalism popular workers drawn was
• Miners strike place when did
• Miners strike place severely deprived part south wales
• Coal miners strike cartel mine owners keeping wages
• Riots occured miners strike tonypandy
• Police citizens injured tonypandy riots
• Cambrian combine cartel created fix coal prices wages
• Start november workers involved cambrian combine strike spread
• Metropolitan police winston churchill send tonypandy
• Tonypandy winston churchill home secretary time army riots
• Miners strike end august when
• Miners achieve strike forced accept 2s 3d ton. 
• Ton miners forced accept end strike shillings pence 
• Year great industrial unrest when
• Railway workers strike august when
• Miners strike place november august
• Conciliation boards set negotiate workers railway companies
• Railway workers strike occur due widespread dissatisfaction activites
• Main rail unions make strike official 18th aug
• Workers estimated involved railway strike including rail
• Asquith rail companies railway workers strike police troops
• Troops marched railway workers strike london towns england
• Home secretary winston churchill railway workers strike suspended
• Army regulation required local authorities request troops
• Train network functioning troops government deploy
• Chuchill declare end railway workers strike beaten
• Llanelli happened riots police brutally suppress mass picketing
• Railway llanelli attempt strike happen happened part workers
• People died llanelli riots long days
• Result railway workers strike unions grievances brought forward
• People's budget introduced hoc 29th april lloyd george
• Meetings held constitutional conference how
• Hol veto people's budget 30th nov
• Budget peoples 29th april journey parliament introduced 30th
• King edward vii die suddenly
• Jan dec passed elections achieve people's budget parliament
• Conservatives wanted cooperate parliament bill rats
• Conservatives undecided parliament bill hedgers
• Led c undecided support parliament bill hedgers lord
• Conservatives determined oppose parliament bill ditchers diehards ditch
• Led conservatives opposed parliament bill ditchers willougbhy de
• Factions conservatives depending support parliament bill rats hedgers
• Weeks sickness unemployment benefit ni act months
• Proposed shillings pence ton prior miners strike mp
• People's budget success?  britain entered wwi effective national
• Curragh mutiny march when was
• Britain declare war g ww1 4th august
• Free school meals education act provide million
• Age pensions act affect 1st jan
• Tariff people's budget successful undermining reform defeated chamberlain's
• People's budget highly effective revenue-rasing area land taxes
• Abject poverty argued concept booth rowntree met bare
• Booth rowntree's reports conclude duty gov alleviate poverty
• Dora defence realm act introduced 8th august
• Dora act give gov powers priority aspects people's
• Hours pubs licensing dora act open lunchtime evening
• Dora publicans make weaker dilute beer  ensure workforce
• Dora moved clocks forward summer hour  ensured max
• Important industries government gain control dora production coal
• Gov food events meant british dora ensure feed
• Censored dora newspapers radio broadcasts people continued support
• Outlawed dora striking protect production goods factories
• Dora intentionally assisting enemy make person liable death 
• Dora traditional lib values provided unparalleled level state
• Pm start war led conservative party asquith andrew
• Prices risen appeared percent food goods shortages
• Military disaster attempted invasion turkey gallipoli
• Months fighting place gallipoli casualties side experience
• Churchill's brainchild result landing dardanelles  military stalemate
• Failure dardanelles gallipoli landings happened churchill demoted resigned
• Provding military stalemate dardanelles landing unsuccessful force ottoman
• Times  reveal british troops held back ammunition shortage
• Times reveal ammunition shortage 14th
• Dora weaken liberal party unhappy interventionist position thought
• Coalition formed when was the
• Asquith form coalition conservatives share blame wartime decisions
• Supported creation coalition dlg clear understanding demands required
• Dlg coalition roles asquith abl remained pm minister
• Kitchener die secretary war dlg
• Cabinet ministers coalition gov how
• Lib cabinet ministers coalition gov compared conservative lab
• Labour cabinet minister coalition gov arthur henderson 
• Held tensions coalition gov lib lots executive positions
• Dlg align conservative values emphasised importance conscription order
• Liberals oppose conscription pragmatic grounds believed contradicted lib
• Conscription introduced wwi when was
• Happened support coalition continued decline conservatives criticised asquith
• Decline support coalition result calls smaller efficient cabinet
• Battle failures led loss support coaltion navy failed
• People killed day battle somme
• Ships britain germany lose naval battle jutland german
• Tensions result coalition conservatives completely withdrew support asquith
• Dlg propose creation smaller war cabinet consisting andrew
• Asquith refuse resign 4th december
• Asquith refuse resign times made negative comments argued
• Asquith refused resign dlg conservative members coalition resign 
• Bonar law lloyd george agree form government 6th
• Dlg manage resigned persuade conservative support creating gov
• Lloyd george's coalition change britain governed small war
• Pm's secretary provide advice ideas
• Lg's coalition happened number government ministries increased set
• Result government libs view dlg rely support traitor
• Government franchise bill introduced jan
• People cromwell's model army massacre siege drogheda including

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