AP Government Vocabulary

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• Legitimacy political authority coferred law state national constitution
• Democracy rule the of many
• Line-item veto executive's ability block provision bill passed
• Person power ability act accordance person's intentions
• Authority power the right to
• Unalienable human based nature god
• Articles confederation weak constitution governed america revolutionary war
• Constitutional convention meeting philadelphia produced constitution
• Rebellion shays's a1787 ex-revolutionary war soldiers attempted prevent
• Virginia plan proposal create strong national government
• Jersey plan  proposal create weak national government
• Elected state great compromise plan popularly house based
• Republic government elected representatives make decisions
• Judicial review power courts declare laws unconstitutional
• Federalism government authority shared national state
• Checks balances authority shared branches government
• Powers enumerated national government given
• Powers reserved state government given
• Concurrent powers  powers shared national state governments
• Separation powers constitutional authority shared branches government
• Faction group distinct political interest
• Federalists favor stronger national government
• Antifederalists favor weaker national government
• Coalition alliance factions an of
• Habeas corpus order produce arrested person judge
• Bill attainer law declares person trial guilty crime
• Law act post facto makes criminal althought legal
• Bill rights ten amendments constitution
• Amendment provision constitution ratified states
• Direct participatory democracy government citizens participate directly
• Representative democracy government leaders make decisions winning competitive
• Ch.1 elite persons possess disproportionate share valued resource
• View marxist government dominated capitalists
• View power elite government dominated top leaders
• View bureaucratic government dominated appointed officials
• Pluralist view belief competition affected interests shapes public
• Devolution effort transfer responsibility public programs services federal
• Block grants money national vocernment states spend broad
• Proper congress clause section constitution allowing pass laws
• Nullification doctrine state declare null void federal law
• Supreme dual federalism doctrine holding national government sphere
• Power police states enact laws promoting health safety
• Initiative process permits voters put legislative measures directly
• Referendum procedure enabling voters reject measure passed legislature
• Recall procedure voters remove elected official office
• Grants-in-aid money national government states
• Categorical grants federal grats specific purposes building airport
• Revenue sharing federal fixed percentage states
• Conditions aid terms set national government states meet
• Mandates terms set national government states meet accept
• Political culture coherent thinking politics government carried
• Civic duty belief obligation participate political affairs
• Civic competence belief affect government policies
• Class consciousness belief member economic group interests opposed
• Orthodox belief morality religion decisive importance
• Progressive belief personal freedom solving social problems important
• Political efficacy belief part politics internal government respond
• Internal efficacy ability understand part politics
• External efficacy willingness state respond citizenry
• Due process law denies government deprive people life
• Equal protection law standard treatment observed government
• Selective incorporation court cases apply bill rights states
• Freedom expression people speak publish assemble
• Freedom religion people free exercise religion,and government establish
• Prior restraint censorship publication of
• Clear-and-present-danger test law punish speech clear present danger
• Libel writing falsely injures person
• Symbolic speech act conveys political message
• Free-exercise clause amendment requirement law prevent free exercise
• Establishment clause amendment ban laws respecting religion
• Wall separation court ruling government involved religion
• Exclusionary rule improperly gathered evidence introduced criminal trial
• Search warrant judge's order authorizing
• Probable reasonable issuing search warrant making arrest mere
• Good-faith exception error gathering evidence sufficiently minor trial
• Rights civil people treated unreasonable unconstitutional differences
• Classifications suspect people basis race ethnicity
• Strict scrutiny supreme court test law denies equal
• Doctrine separate-but-equal established plessey v ferguson african americans
• Segregation de jure racial required law
• Segregation result de facto racial occurs schools law
• Civil disobedience  opposing law considers unjust peacefully disobeying
• Police powers state effect laws promoting health safety
• Affirmative action programs designed increase minority participation institutions
• Equality result making people achieve
• Reverse discrimination race sex give preferential treatment people
• Equality oppertunity giving people equal chance suceed
• Bicameral legislature lawmaking body made chambers parts
• Senate filibuster attempt defeat bill talking indefinately preventing
• Districts marginal political canidates elected house representatives win
• Districts safe incumbents win margins
• Conservative coalition alliance republican democrats
• Majority leader legislative elected party members holding seats
• Minority leader legislative elected party members holding seats
• Party whip senator representative helps leader stay informed
• Majority party polarization vote democratic legislators oppose republican
• Ch.13 caucus association congress members created advance political
• Comittees standing permanently established legislative responsible legislation subject
• Committees select congressional appointed limited time purpose
• Committees joint senators representatives serve
• Conference committees joint appointed resolve differences senate house
• Bill public legislative deals matters general concern
• Bill private legislative deals specific personal local matters
• Simple resolution expression opinion house senate settle procedural
• Concurrent resolution expression opinion force law requires approval
• Joint resolution formal expression congressional opinion approved houses
• Multiple referral  congressional process bill referred committees
• Sequential referral  congressional process speaker send bill comittee
• Petition discharge device member house committee bill thirty
• Closed rule order house committee sets time limit
• Open rule  order house rules committee permits bill
• Restrictive rule order house rules committee that permits certain kinds of amendments made bill
• Quorum minimum number members present buisness conducted congress
• Call quorum roll house congress minimum number representatives
• Rule cloture senate end limit debate
• Senate double-tracking procedure filibuster disputed bill shelved temporarily
• Vote members voice congressional voting procedure shout yea
• Division vote congressional voting procedure members stand counted
• Teller vote congressional voting procedure members pass yeas
• Roll-call vote congressional voting procedure consists members answering
• Legislation pork-barrel tangible benefits constituents districts states hope
• Franking priviledge ability members mail letters constituents free
• Blog serie log discussion items page world wide
• Sound bite radio video clip speaking
• Time equal rule fcc broadcaster sells canidate
• Trial balloon information leaked media test public reaction
• Loaded language words imply judgement persuade reader made
• Stories routine media events regularly covered reporters
• Stories feature media events public regularly covered reporters
• Stories insider media events made public
• Attention selective paying news stories agrees
• Adversarial press tendency national media suspicious officials eager
• Backround public official's statement reporter condition official named
• Public opinion people feel things
• Poll survey public opinion a
• Random sample method selecting population person equal probablilty
• Sampling error difference results random samples time
• Polls exit based interviews conducted election day randomly
• Political socialization process backround traits influence one's views
• Ch.7 elite people disproportionate amount valued resource
• Gender gap difference political views men women
• Political ideology consistent set belief policies government pursue
• Political elites persons disproportionate share power
• Norm standard proper conduct a
• Voting-age population citizens eligible vote reaching minimum age
• Registered voters people vote who
• Literacy test requirement citizens pass order register vote
• Poll tax  requirement citizens pay tax order register
• Clause registration grandfather laws allowing people meet requirements
• White primary practice keeping blacks voting southern states
• Ballot cast australian government-printed uniform dimensions secret states
• Activists people tend participate forms politics
• Political party group seeks elect canidates public office
• Mugwumps/progressives republican party faction 1890s 1910s composed reformers
• Critical/realignment period major lasting shift occurs popular coalition
• Split ticket voting candidates parties offices election
• Straight ticket voting candidates of the party
• Ballot office-bloc listing candidates office called massachusetts
• Ballot party-column listing candidates party called indiana
• National convention meeting party delegates held years
• Committee national deligates run party congress provies funds
• Committee congressional campaign party congress funds members would-be
• National chairman day-to-day party manager elected committee
• Delegates super party leaders elected officials national convention
• Political machine party organization recruits members dispensing patronage
• Party ideological values principled stands issues
• Solidary incentives social rewards sense pleasure status companionship
• Party sponsored local state political largely supported organization
• Personal political support provided candidate basis popularity networks
• System two-party electoral dominant parties compete national elections
• System plurality electoral winner person votes receive majority
• Ch.9 caucus meeting party members select delegates backing
• Party controls divided government white house congress
• Unified government party controls white house congress
• Gridlock inability government act rival parties control parts
• Electoral cast representative college  people chosen state's votes
• Pyramid structure president's subordinates report clear chain command
• Circular structure president's assistants report directly
• Ad hoc structure subordinates cabinet offiicers committees report
• Cabinet heads fifteen executive branch departments federal government
• Bully pulpit president's prestige visibility guide enthuse american
• Message veto president congress stating sign bill passed
• Pocket veto bill fails law president sign ten
• Congress legislative veto authority block presidential action place
• Impeachment charges president approved majority house representatives
• Lame duck person office lost bid reelection
• Incumbent person holding elective office
• Coattails alleged tendency candidate win votes election presence
• Committee political action pac set corporation labor union
• Malapportionment drawing boundaries legislative districts unequal population
• Gerrymandering drawing boundaties legislative districts bizarre unusual shapes
• Sophmore surge increase votes congressional candidates run reelection
• Position issues public divided rival candidates political parties
• Issue valence public united rival candidates political parties
• Election general held choose candidate hold office
• Election primary held choose candidates office
• Primary closed election voting limited registered party members
• Primary open election voters choose party vote enter
• Primary blanket election voter vote candidates parties
• Primary runoff election held candidate wins majority votes
• Independent expenditures spending political action committees corporations labor
• Soft money funds obtained political parties spent activities
• Organizations section internal revenue code raises spend money
• Voting prospective candidate favor ideas handling issues
• Voting retrospective candidate past actions office
• Bureaucracy large complex organization composed appointed officials
• Laissez-faire economic theory government regulate interfere commerce
• Discretionary authority extent appointed buraucrats choose courses action
• Competitive service government officies people appointed basis merit
• Job name-request filled person agenct identified
• Iron triangle close relationship agency congressional committee interest
• Network issue people washington d.c based interest groups
• Authorization legislation legislative permission begin continue government program
• Appropriation legislative grant money finance government program agency
• Funds government trust programs collected spent regular budget
• Committee clearance ability congressional review approve agency decision
• Red tape complex bureaucratic rules procedures
• Strict-constructionist approach view judges decide cases strictly basis
• Activist approach view judges discern general principles underlying
• Court constitutional federal authorized article iii constitution jusges
• Federal district courts lowest trials held
• Courts appeals federal hear district trials
• Courts legislative created congress specialized purposes judges enjoy
• Litmus test examination political ideology nominated judge
• Cases federal-question constitution federal laws treaties
• Cases diversity involving citizens states bring suit federal
• Court writ certiorari order higher directing lower send
• Forma pauperis method poor person case heard federal
• Plaintiff fee shifting rule recover costs defendant wins
• Plaintiff party initiates lawsuit the
• Standing  legal rule stating authorized start lawsuit
• Sovereign immunity  rule citizen sue government government's consent
• Class-action suit case brought similarly situated
• Written statement attorney summarizes case laws rulings support
• Amicus curiae submitted friend court
• Opinion curiam unsigned majority supreme court
• Opinion court signed majority supreme
• Opinion concurring signed members agree majority view reasons
• Opinion dissenting signed justices disagree majority view
• Stare decisis decision stand allowing prior rulings control
• Political question  issue supreme court executive legislative branches
• Remedy judicial order enforcing redressing wrong

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