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Jewish Law Israel Sovereign State Ancient Diaspora Close

en Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamic law. Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.
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意群训练: Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conques t of Israel ), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud , one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora .

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标志: Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamic law. Though histori- cally there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and Jewish law of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), but the spirit (of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament) is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.

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译文: 犹太法和天主教法都比伊斯兰法更为完整。 尽管 在历史上在古以色列的独立国家的犹太法和Diaspora时期(即以色列在被征服后犹太人被驱逐的时期)的犹太法 之间 一个明确的 断裂 (旧约全书中后半部分中的法律事务的)精神 与Talmud(指犹太法在Diaspora时期的主要法典) 是极为一致的 ·。

tips 请思考:如果第二句话看不懂,是否可用合理化原则 根据用斜体字标出的第一句话推理出其意思?
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解释: 本句与上面的句子来自于同一篇文章。本文的主题是伊斯兰法,但作者反复地用犹太法来吓唬读者。同样,ETS也未就此句话出题。

这句话难读原因有二:第一,作者在between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora一句中的and之后省略了Jewish law,使人看到of the Diaspora时搞不清楚在什么与什么之间;第二个难懂的原因是文中出现了大量的专有名词、法律术语和历史背景。其实读者除了Israel和Jewish两个单词有必要也有可能认识之外,其他单词既不需要了解也无法了解。像什么Diaspora(大流散时期)、Old Testament(旧约全书)、Talmud(犹太教法典)等名词,在非宗教国家的考生(如中国考生)的大脑中,对其概念并不是很清楚,更不要说其英语的表达了。那么ETS的出题者在阅读文章中搞出这种东西来,不是有违背公平出题原则之嫌了么?

笔者之所以用斜体字列出前面的一句话,是因为后面这句极难读懂的话,出题者其实并没有逼着读者必须读懂,完全可以根据前面那句话的内容把它的意思推出来。前面那句话是一个判断句,说犹太法和伊斯兰法一致,后面这句话是对上面一句话的解释,因此肯定也在说它一致。再看第二句话的结构,上来就是一个用though表示的让步语气,我们可以看出有一个break between,那么逗号后就应该是省略了but的转折语气,该说没有break between。果然我们看到了very close to的字样。我们也知道,既有让步又有转折时,作者强调的是转折之后的内容。所以这句话仍是在说犹太法一致。

type 复杂修饰+插入语+省略+专有名词
score 5
idx 042
category gre

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