DNA Replication

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• Strand serves template each as
• Inside dna model nitrogenous bases 
• Found substance transformed bacteria nonvirulant virulent form  griffith 
• Identified dna substance transformered nonvirulent bacteria virulent form 
• Determined dna carries genetic material protein  chase hershey
• Discovered dna's helical structure franklin
• Process determining dna's helical structure x-ray diffraction 
• Discovered nitrogenous base ratios chargaff
• Process discovering nitrogenous base ratios biochemical analysis 
• Rule nitrogenous base ratio referred chargaff's rule 
• Developed double helix model dna watson crick 
• Dna model sugar-phosphate backbone  what
• Middle dna model poly nucleotide strands wound other 
• Base pairs double helix turn
• Dna strands run opposite directions referred?  antiparallel 
• End polynucleotide chains the are
• Prime carbon deoxyribose sugar attached hydroxyl group 
• Prime carbon deoxyribose attached phosphate group 
• Nucleotide sugar  deoxyribose  the
• Group  nucleotide phosphate the
• Nucleotides kind bases?  nitrogenous bases 
• Single-ring structeres include thymine cytosine uracil  pyrimidines 
• Double-ring structures include adenine guanine  purines 
• Purines pyrimidines smaller?  pyrimidines  are
• Purines pyrimidines larger?  purines  are
• Backbone made sugars phosphates what
• Sugars phosphate occur repeating pattern? 
• Negative backbone charge?  charge phosphate group 
• Links nucleotides?  phosphodiester bonds  what
• Carbon phosphodiester bond links backbone?  sugar
• Pairs t a with what
• G pairs c with what
• Held hydrogen bonds?  adenine thymine 
• Held hydrgen bonds?  guanine cytosine 
• Base pairings follow rules chargaff's rules 
• Replication model kind exactly?  semiconservative 
• Occur replication parental strands unwind
• Strands replication labeled during are
• Replication bubble initiated what?  special proteins
• Events dna replication occur replisome 
• Replication factor replisome the is
• Key replication factor materials important dna replication?  proteins
• Replisome attached to?  nuclear matrix
• Replisome attach nuclear matrix locations
• Replisome move stay remains stationary
• Dna replicated travel moves replisome
• Dna begin unwind ori site chromosome
• Ori eukaryotes multiple  how many
• Unwinds double helix enzyme helicase
• Helicase unwind double helix energy atp 
• Produces replication fork helicase what
• Prevents reforming double helix single stranded binding proteins 
• Single stranded binding proteins effct dna stabilizes strand
• Relieves overwinding strain enzyme topoisomerase 
• Topiosomerase dna?  ahead replication fork 
• Topoisomerase relieve overwinding creates cuts dna 
• Synthesis dna intitiated primer  of
• Primer synthesized enzyme primase the
• Short strand rna nucleotides long?  primer 
• Dna forms complimentary strand?  polymerase iii
• Complimentary strand added?  adds bases dna template 
• Direction complimentary bases added?  direction 
• Anchors dna polymerase iii template strand?  sliding clamp
• Continuously dna strands synthesized discontinuously?  discontinuously 
• Addition nucleotides continuously synthesized dna directed direction replictaion
• Continuously adddition nucleotides replication called leading strand 
• Dna synthizes discontinuously addition nucleotides direction replication fork
• Addition nucleotides discontinuously called lagging strand
• Fragments short lengths dna present lagging strand  okazaki
• Dna step lagging strand synthesis fragment 
• Step lagging strand dna synthesis complimentary nucleotide added 
• Complimentary nucleotide added dna synthesis lagging strand template
• Complimentary nucleotide added lagging strand syntheis rna primer 
• Added rna primer lagging strand complimentary necleotide
• Complimentary nucleotide added lagging strand next?  previously synthesized
• Rna primers called dna polymerase i 
• Gap remains lagging strand called nick 
• Seals nicks lagging strand dna ligase 

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