Question

88. spir [L]=

Accepted Answer

to breathe 呼吸
spirit（精神），inspire（鼓舞），conspire（共谋）和respire（呼吸）等表面意思互不相关的
词却有共同的词根spir，它来自拉丁动词spirare，意思等于to breathe（呼吸）。

spirit [spir=to breathe 呼吸；-it n.=the act 表行为→“breathing or breath 呼吸，气息”→“vital
principle 生存的要素”→“soul 灵魂”→] n. one's soul or mind;the principle of thought 灵魂；
精神：body and spirit 肉体和精神

▽spiritual [spirit;-u-;-al a.] a.精神的；心灵的
spiritless [spirit;-less a.] a.没精打采的；灰心的
spiritism [spirit;-ism n.] n.招魂论；招魂术
inspirit [in-v.;spirit] v.鼓舞；激励

inspire [in-=into 入；spir=to breathe 呼吸；-e→“to breathe into body or mind 吸入空气，注入
生气”→] v. ① draw in (air)吸（气）② giveencouragement to 鼓舞，激励：The teacher inspired
us to greater efforts.老师鼓励我们作更大的努力。

▽inspirator [in-;spir;-ator n.] n.吸入器
inspiratory [in-;spir;-atory a.] a.吸入的；吸气的
conspire [con-(com-) = together 共同；spir = to breathe 呼吸；-e→“to breathe together 呼吸
与共，同气相求”→] v. plot or scheme together 共谋；阴谋：The criminals conspired to rob a bank.
罪犯们图谋抢劫银行。

▽conspiracy [conspir(e);-acy n.] n.阴谋；共谋
conspirator [con-;spir;-ator n.] n.阴谋家；共谋者

respire [re-=again 再；spir=to breathe 呼吸；-e→] v. breathe again and again;take breath 呼吸（尤
指连续地）；歇口气：The patient respired smoothly.患者呼吸通畅。

▽respirable [respir(e);-able a.] a.能呼吸的
respirator [re-;spir;-ator n.] n.呼吸器；口罩
respiratory [re-;spir;-atory a.] a.呼吸（作用）的

aspire [a-(ad-)=towards 向；spir=to breathe 呼吸；-e→“to breathe hard towards a goal 向着目
标努力吸气”→] v.① aim at, or strive for 追求：to aspire after truth 追求真理② desire eagerly
渴望：He aspires to be an artist.他渴望成为科学家。

▽aspirer [aspir(e),-er n.] n.渴望者；追求者
aspirant [aspir(e);-ant n.] a.有上进心的；有野心的

expire [ex-=out 出；(s)pir=to breathe 呼吸；-e→] v.① breathe out 呼出，吐气：The whales expire
air from the lungs.鲸鱼从肺部呼气。② die 断气，死亡：He expired at midnight.他半夜断了气。
③ come to an end 期满，终止：The agreement expires on Monday.该协议于星期一期满。

▽expiratory [ex-;(s)pir;-atory a.] a.呼气的；吐气的
perspire [per- =through 通过；spir =to breathe 呼吸；-e→“to breathe through the pores 通过
毛孔呼吸”→] v. sweat 出汗，排汗：Man must perspire all the time.人必须不断排汗。

▽perspirable [perspir(e);-able a.] a.汗液可通过的
perspiratory [per-;spir;-atory a.] a.排汗的；引起排汗的

transpire [trans-=across 穿过；(s)pir=to breathe 呼吸；-e→“to breathe out across the surface
穿过表面呼出去”→] v.① give off (water-vapour) through leaves 散发；蒸发② leak out, or
become known 泄露；为人所知：It later transpired that the king had been ill then.后来才透露
说，当时国王已经病了。

▽transpiration [trans-;(s)pir;-ation n.] n.蒸发[植物]蒸腾作用

Breathe N 呼吸； E→“To V V.① 呼吸 Spirit Breath