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OCR A Biology

Body Skin Warming Surface Cooling Muscles Endotherms Responses

Front warming up in endotherms
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  • responses to a decrease to core body temperature
  • vasoconstriction (arterioles near skin surface constrict, arteriovenous shunt vessels dilate (little blood flow through capillaries near skin surface), very little radiation takes place)
  • decreased sweating (reduces cooling by evaporation of water from surface of skin)
  • raising of body hairs/feathers (erector pili muscles contract, pulling hairs erect (traps layer of insulating air) and reduces cooling through skin
  • shivering (rapid, involuntary contracting and relaxing of large voluntary muscles in body, with the metabollic heat from exothermic reactions warming up the body

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