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OCR A Biology

Dna Species Comparisons Sequence Mutation Compared Diseases Gene

Genome-wide comparisons explain why we sequence pathogen genomes, compare sections in animals/plants, and discuss mutation rates. Human genomes can be analyzed for disease patterns, noting most diseases are polygenic and influenced by environment. Sequencing pathogen genomes aids in tracing infection sources and monitoring outbreaks. DNA barcoding identifies species using variable, common DNA sections. Comparing species' DNA and calculating mutation rates helps determine divergence times.

Genom-weite Vergleiche - Warum sequenzieren wir Krankheitserreger-Genome? Vergleich von Abschnitten bei Tieren/Pflanzen und Mutationsraten. Menschliche Genome können analysiert und verglichen werden, um Muster in der DNA und Anfälligkeiten für Krankheiten aufzudecken, wobei die meisten Krankheiten von mehreren Genen und Umweltfaktoren beeinflusst werden. Die Sequenzierung von Krankheitserreger-Genomen hilft bei der Rückverfolgung von Infektionsquellen und der Überwachung von Krankheitsausbrüchen. DNA-Barcoding identifiziert Arten anhand universeller, aber variabler DNA-Abschnitte. Der Vergleich von DNA zwischen Arten und die Berechnung von Mutationsraten helfen bei der Bestimmung von Divergenzzeiten.

Front Genome-wide comparisons - why do we sequence pathogen genomes? comparing secions in animals/plants and mutation rates
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  • Human genomes sequenced can be analysed and compared by computers to reveal patterns in DNA and diseases were vulnerable to, but few genetic diseases caused by changes in single gene as most genes work with enviro to effect characteristics, physiology and liklihood of developing disease
  • Can sequence geomes of pathogens to; find source of an infection, identify antibiotic-resistent strands of bacteria so only prescribed when it will be effective, track progress of outbreak of disease
  • identifying species (DNA barcoding); DNA barcoding is identifying sections of genome common to all species but vary between them so comparisons made e.g a base-pair section of mitochondrial DNA in gene "cytochrome c oxidase", which varies between animal species, in plants, 2 regions in DNA of chloroplasts used to sperate plant species
  • DNA of different species compared as mutation rate of DNA calculated to find how long ago species diverged from common ancestor

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