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A-Level Biology OCR A

Blood Open Diffusion Advantages Disadvantages Closed Requires Energy

Open circulatory systems are advantageous due to lower energy requirements and suitability for smaller, less metabolically active animals, but disadvantageous due to low pressure, slow distribution, inefficient diffusion, and lack of flow control. Closed systems offer high pressure, rapid distribution, and efficient diffusion but require more energy and are more complex.

Open circulatory systems are advantageous due to lower energy requirements and suitability for smaller, less metabolically active animals, but disadvantageous due to low pressure, slow distribution, inefficient diffusion, and lack of flow control. Closed systems offer high pressure, rapid distribution, and efficient diffusion but require more energy and are more complex.

Front Draw a table to show the advantages and disadvantages of open and closed circulatory systems.
Back

AdvantagesDisadvantages
Open
  • Requires less energy for distribution
  • More suitable for animals with slow metabolism and smaller body
  • Blood is at low pressure so it is distributed slowly
  • Steep diffusion gradients cannot be maintained for efficient diffusion
  • Amount of haemolymph flowing to particular tissue cannot be varied
  • Little control of direction of flow & flow is affected by movement
Closed
  • Blood is at high pressure so blood flows rapidly meaning faster & more efficient distribution of oxygen & removal of waste
  • Amount of blood flowing can be adjusted by narrowing blood vessels
  • Steep diffusion gradients are able to be maintained
  • Requires more energy compared to open
  • More complex

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