In the gaseous exchange system, cartilage keeps airways open, goblet cells secrete mucus to trap particles, ciliated epithelium wafts mucus away, blood vessels maintain concentration gradients, squamous epithelium provides a large surface area and short diffusion path, and elastin aids in inhalation and exhalation.
No sistema de troca gasosa, a cartilagem mantém as vias aéreas abertas, as células caliciformes secretam muco para prender partículas, o epitélio ciliado remove o muco, os vasos sanguíneos mantêm o gradiente de concentração, o epitélio escamoso fornece uma área de superfície grande e um caminho de difusão curto, e a elastina auxilia na inalação e expiração.
| Front | Describe how the tissues in the gaseous exchange system contribute to the functioning of the lungs (8) |
|---|---|
| Back | Cartilage- In trachea and holds the airways open and prevents them from collapsing and bursting due to air pressure changes. Goblet cells- secrete mucus to trap bacteria, pollen and dust particulates. Ciliated epithelium- waft the mucus Blood vessels- supply oxygen to respiring cells, surround the alveoli to shorten the diffusion pathway for rapid gas exchange. The good blood supply maintains a concentration gradient for increased rate of diffusion. The capillary walls are thin hence shorten diffusion pathway Squamous epithelium- Alveolus wall is thin which shorten the diffusion pathway. Due to lots of alveoli in the lungs, it creates a large surface area. Elastin- stretches during inhalation and prevents alveoli from bursting. Elastin recoils to help force air out of the lungs during expiration. |
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