Low blood oxygen, high carbon dioxide, or low pH levels stimulate the sympathetic increase of heart rate via the medulla to normalize these conditions.
Unfavorable blood conditions (low O2, high CO2, low pH) trigger sympathetic impulses to the SAN via the medulla, increasing heart rate to normalize levels.
Front | Low blood oxygen, high carbon dioxide, low pH level |
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Back | Impulses send to medulla which sends impulses along sympathetic neurones which secrete noradrenaline which binds to receptors on SAN Heart rate increases to return oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH to normal |
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