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OCR A Biology

Animals Human Gm Pharming Ethical Issues Swine Form

This flashcard explains genetically modified (GM) animals. It provides examples like pigs resistant to swine fever and 'pharming,' where animals produce human medicines, including protein-based drugs, and discusses ethical concerns related to these practices.

This flashcard explains genetically modified (GM) animals. It provides examples like pigs resistant to swine fever and 'pharming,' where animals produce human medicines, including protein-based drugs, and discusses ethical concerns related to these practices.

Front GM animals; example, pharming and ethical issues
Back
  • swine fever-resistent pigs (immune to african swine fever)
  • Pharming (GE animals to form human medicines)
    • creating animal models (addition/removal of genes so animals develop certain diseases to model for development of new therapies)
    • creating human proteins (human gene placed in GM of fertalised animal egg (e.g cow) with a promoter sequence so gene only expressed in mammary glands, fertallised transgenic female embryo returns to mother, and once born, matures and gives birth, it forms milk (with desired human protein), bacteria used sometimes, but cant form all proteins made by eukaryotes
  • Ethical issues
    • using GE animals to model human disease
    • putting human genes in animals
    • welfare compramised while forming GE animals

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