Emergency Care and Transportation for the Sick and Injured

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• Endocrine system complex message control includes network glands
• Endocrine glands secrete release chemicals inside body
• Hormone substance produced gland special regulatory effects organs
• Homeostasis maintaining stability body's internal environment
• Endocrine disorders hypersecretion hyposecretion gland
• Population diabetes affect of the
• Glucose basic sugars body conjunction oxygen primary fuel
• Full diabetes mellitus means sweet
• Type diabetes patients produce insulin typically developments childhood
• Type diabetes patients produce inadequate amounts insulin produced
• Medications treat diabetes chlorpropamide diabinese tolbutamide orinase glyburide
• Kind problem type diabetes considered autoimmune body allergic
• Normal level blood glucose amount mg/dl
• Frequent ps uncontrolled diabetes symptoms polyuria urination polydipsia
• Body energy glucose supply cells fat source produces
• Acidosis condition caused accumulation ketones blood tissue
• Diabetic ketoacidosis dka type hyperglycemic crisis form acidosis
• Signs symptoms dka weakness nausea vomiting abdominal pain
• Kussmaul respirations type deep rapid breathing dka
• Result type diabetes common hhnc hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic
• Diabetes lead dehydration body rid excess sugar urine
• Occurs prolonged hyperglycemia results diabetic ketoacidosis
• Occurs prolonged hypoglycemia progresses unresponsiveness eventually hypoglycemic crisis
• Signs common hyperglycemia hypoglycemia staggering intoxicated appearance unresponsiveness
• Hyperglycemic crisis state unconsciousness resulting problems including ketoacidosis
• Symptoms hyperglycemic crisis kussmaul respirations dehydration sweet fruity
• Hypoglycemic crisis occurs patient insulin eaten food unusual
• Rapid symptoms normal hypoglycemia include shallow respirations pale
• Grams glucose tube of how
• Contraindications oral glucose inability swallow unconsciousness aspiration occur
• Hematology study prevention blood-related diseases
• Blood percentage volume red cells erythrocytes males females
• Scientific term white blood cells called leukocytes
• Blood sickle cell disease inherited disorder affect red
• Cells live normal red blood hemoglobin s days
• Thrombosis development blood clot what
• Thrombophilia tendancy develop blood clots affects approximately caucasian
• Hemophilia genetic disorder inherited mother blood control bleeding
• Americans die allergic reactions year
• Immunology study body's immune system
• Solid organs abdominal cavity liver spleen pancreas kidneys
• Intestine hollow organs abdominal cavity gallbladder stomach small
• Liver assists digestion secreting bile filters toxic substances
• Gallbladder acts reservoir bile what
• Sections small intestines duodenum jejunum ileum
• Pancreas aids digestion secreting juice enzymes break starches
• Amylase responsible breaking starches sugars present saliva duodenum
• Amylase pancreas duodenum from and
• Bicarbonate alkali part buffering system neutraizes stomach acids
• Insulin regulates amount glucose bloodstream produced pancreas
• Small jejunum part intestine pays major role absorption
• Environment kind jejunum ileum ph-neutral absorption
• Acids ileum part intestine soluble molecules absorbed blood
• Peristalsis rhythmic movement moves waste matter intestines
• Located blood spleen abdomen digestive function part lymphatic
• Kidneys play important role regulation acidity blood pressure
• Output passes blood heart kidneys minute?  heart's
• Renal pelvis cone-shaped collecting area connects ureter kidney
• Urinary bladder located immediately pubis symphysis
• Form urine average adult day 2l
• Blood circulates kidneys daily c l flows
• Lines abdominal cavity parietal peritoneum
• Lines organs visceral peritoneum the
• Peritonitis irritation peritoneum is what
• Ileus paralysis muscular contractions propel material intestines lead
• Emesis vomiting caused paralysis intestines
• Gauge degree distention patient simply patient's abdomen
• Fluid blood peritonitis loss body abdominal cavity shift
• Present patient peritonitis progressed case tachycardia hypotension
• Parietal peritoneum nerves sense pain touch pressure heat
• Visceral peritoneum sense localize sensation patient describe pain
• Referred pain result connections somatic autonomic nervous system
• Nerves spinal acute cholecystitis aka inflammed gallbladder referred
• Pain appendicitis lower quadrant direct navel referred rebounding
• Upper ulcer pain mid-abdoman part back
• Diverticulitis pain lower left quadrant
• Lower abdominal aortic aneurysm a.k.a a.a.a pain condition
• Cystitis a.k.a inflamed bladder pain lower mid-abdomen retropubic
• Kidney infection pain costovertebral angle acute formed side
• Kidney stones pain left flanks radiating genitalia
• Pancreatitis pain upper abdomen quadrants back
• Pneumonia pain upper abdomen referred
• Hernia pain abdominal area might
• Peritonitis pain abdominal area might
• Vague poorly early abdominal pain tend localized visceral
• Peptic ulcer disease pud protective layer eroded allowing
• Peptic ulcers caused infection stomach heliocobacter pylori major
• Experience patients peptic ulcers classic sequence burning gnawing
• Peptic ulcer pain upper abdomen found sternum
• Common symptoms peptic ulcer nausea vomiting belching heartburn
• Gallstones form block outlet gallbladder causing pain inflammation
• Cholecystitis condition wall gallbladder inflammed
• Upper cholecystitis present condition constant severe pain midabdominal
• Symptoms common cholecystitis include general gastrointestinal distress nausea
• Cholecystitis produce symptoms commonly minutes fatty meal night
• Pancreatitis caused obstructing gallstone alcohol abuse diseases inflammation
• Appendicitis inflammation infection appendix is
• Symptoms pain appendicitis initially generalized dull umbilical area
• Esophagitis occurs lining esophagus inflammed infection acids stomach
• Esophageal varices occur amount pressure blood vessels surrounding
• Mallory-weiss syndrome occurs junction esophagus stomach tears causing
• Principal symptom mallory-weiss syndrome vomiting
• Acute gastroenteritis comprises family conditions revolving central theme
• Small diverticulitis caused lack fiber leads hard stool
• Symptoms diverticulitis abdominal pain left side lower abdomen
• Cystitis bladder infammation is what
• Cystitis urinary tract infection uti
• Patients uti tend pain lower abdominal quadrants
• Uremia patient's kidneys fail patient loses ability excrete
• Kidney stones renal calculi is
• Acute renal failure reversed prompt diagnosis treatment
• Woman lower quadrant pain tenderness problem ovaries
• Abdominal aoritc aneurysm aaa caused older people wall
• Common complaint aaa back pain
• Hernia protrusion organ tissue hole opening body cavity
• Hernia include congenital defect umbilicus surgical wound failed
• Reducible hernia disappear back body cavity belongs
• Incarcerated hernia pushed back body cavity
• Strangulation hernia incarcerated contents compressed surrounding tissue compromising
• Important question patient gastrointestinal issues bleeding blood vomit
• Patient drawn knee condition stance appendicitis
• Patient curled side condition stance pancreatitis
• Guarding broadlike muscle spasm major problems perforated ulcer
• Decrease nausea providing patient low-flow oxygen
• Patient misses dialysis treatment weakness pulmonary edema series
• Access adverse affects dialysis include hypotension muscle cramps
• Body poison substance chemical action damage structures impair
• Immune system protects human body substances organisms foreign
• Immune allergic reaction exaggerated response body's system releases
• Chemicals released immune system histamine leukotrienes
• Anaphylaxis extreme allergic reaction life threatening involves multiple
• Common signs anaphylaxis wheezing of
• Areas urticaria consists smalls generalized itching burning multiple
• Envenomation insect animal bites injects venom
• General catagories allergens insect bites stings medications plants
• Species bees wasps hornets of
• Wheal raised swollen well-defined area skin
• Special consideration honeybee stings stingers remain wound minutes
• Actions insect stings position injection site slightly level
• Position place insect sting shock give oxygen needed
• Percentage population allergic venom bee hornet yellow jacket
• People die year reactions stings
• Common symptoms anaphylactic reaction stings patients experience generalized
• Terminal anaphylactic patients die two-thirds half hour speed
• Definitive treatment anaphylactic shock epinephrine
• Airway stridor harsh high-pitched inspiratory sound occurs swelling
• Vital signs assess reassess reassessment pulse respirations blood
• Method assessing allergic patient's perfusion status pulse oximetry
• Kind chemical epinephrine sympathomimetic means mimics sympathetic flight
• Blood epinephrine work properties vessels constrict reverses vasodilation
• Mg system delivers epinephrine auto-injectable syringes adult epipen
• Antihistamines agents block effect histamines work slowly minutes
• Thing patients suspected anaphylaxis high-flow high-concentration oxygen
• Common signs symptoms allergic reactions respiratory system shortness
• Blood common signs symptoms allergic reactions cardiovascular system
• Common chest swelling face feet signs symptoms allergic
• Additional common signs symptoms allergic reactions anxiety abdominal
• Suffer children adult acute poisoning year approximately million
• Opoids medicines actions similar morphine
• Toxicology study toxic poisonous substances
• Substance abuse misuse produce desired effect
• Overdose patient takes toxic dose drug
• Slightest suspicion patient poisonous substance suspect notify medical
• Presence injuries burning blistering mouth suggest strongly ingestion
• Questions patient ingested poison case substances exposed ingest
• Possibly poisoned patient vomits ambulance occurs collect vomitus
• Number telephone poison hotline the
• Patient poisoned happened immediately provide poison center relevant
• Important treatment perform general patient believed poisoned situation
• Avenues poison patient's body inhalation absorption surface contact
• Examples gas inhaled poisons natural sewer pesticides carbon
• Removed happen patient found inside toxic environment case
• Symptoms signs inhalation chlorine irritant toxics include burning
• Products destructive contact acids alkalis petroleum hydrocarbon
• Large amount material spilled eyes case flooding minutes
• Chemical burns case spend time neutralize substances skin
• Hazardous materials suspect toxic present case call specialized
• Contaminated irrigate contact area water patient poison reacts
• Percentage poisonings mouth approximately ingestion
• Gastrointestinal emt's event poisoning goal remove poison tract
• Injected poisons dangerous impossible dilute remove absorbed quickly
• Tolerance person routinely substance increasing amounts achieve result
• Signs symptoms opiods examples hypoventilation respiratory arrest pinpoint
• Symptoms signs sympathomimetics hypertension tachycardia dilated pupils agitation
• Signs symptoms sedative-hypnotics examples slurred speech sedation coma
• Signs symptoms anticholinergics examples tachycardia hyperthermia hypertension dilated
• Excess signs symptoms cholinergics examples defecation urination muscle
• People dies alcohol year from
• Long-term develop common effect alcohol consumption liver damage
• Alcohol powerful central nervous system cns depressant sedative
• Patient experiencing alcohol withdrawal experience hallucinations delirium tremens
• Symptoms alcohol withdrawal dts agitation restlessness fever sweating
• Trade hydrocodone vicondin what is
• Trade hydromorphone dilaudid what is
• Trade meperidine demerol what is
• Trade methadone dolophine what is
• Trade oxycodone percocet what is
• Trade oxycodone hydrochloride oxycontin what
• Signs symptoms opiod patients sedated unconscious cyanotic telling
• Treatment emts provide opioid paitent includes supporting airway
• Position put opioid patients situation place supine compensate
• Attempt opioid patients situation home remedies forcing milk
• Quickly naloxone narcan work minutes
• Effective antidote reverse symptoms opioid overdose narcotic antagonists
• Date-rape knock mickey finn drugs flunitrazepam rohypnol
• Trade phenobarbital luminal what is
• Trade alprazolam xanax what is
• Trade diazepam valium what is
• Trade flunitrazepam rohypnol what is
• Trade lorazepam ativan what is
• Trade carisoprodol soma what is
• Trade chloral hydrate mickey finn
• Ethyl alcohol drinking is what
• Isopropyl alcohol rubbing is what
• Patients ventricular important precaution dealing inhaled halogenated hydrocarbon
• Stimulant agent produces excited state
• Cholinergic agents overstimulate normal body functions controlled parasympathetic
• Dumbels stand defecation urination miosis constriction pupils bronchorrhea
• Important consideration caring patient exposed organophosphate insecticide cholinergic
• Common antidotes nerve agents mark i kit duodote
• Trade phenothiazines thorazine what is
• Trade tetrahydrozoline visine what is
• Type organism food poisoning disease produces toxins
• Salmonella organism produces directs effects food poisoning characterized
• Staphylococcus bacteria quick grow produce toxins foods prepared
• Severe forms food poisoning botulism results eating improperly
• Symptoms botulism neurologic blurring vision weakness difficulty speaking
• Symptoms botulism develop long days ingestion early hours
• Occur caes poisoning plants year thousand cases
• Scientific hemlock conium maculatum what
• Scientific lily valley convallaria majalis
• Scientific oleander nerium what is
• Scientific mistletoe phoradendron what is
• Azalea rhododendron what is another
• Scientific nightshade solarium nigrum what
• Emergency treatment diffenbachia includes maintaining open airway giving
• Dieffenbachia called dumbcane irritation skin mucous membranes chewed
• Leading death states stroke heart disease cancer
• Nervous voluntary part system controls activities called somatic
• Nervous part system controls body's vital organs brain
• Names parts autonomic nervous system called sympathetic parasympathetic
• Groups bones compose skull called cranium protects brain
• Occupied cranium brain tissue blood supply csf
• Occiput temporal regions major bones make cranium posterior
• Body's central supporting structure spinal column
• Bones vertebrae spinal column or
• Sections spinal column vertebrae cervical thoracic lumbar sacral
• Connects separates vertebrae connected ligaments separated cushions intervertebral
• People experience head injuries year approximately million
• Occur death annually result head injury
• Traumatic deaths result percentage head injuries
• Closed head injuries brain injured opening
• Open head injury opening brain world exists
• People vehicle crashes experience percentage involved motor head
• General signs symptoms irregular head injury lacerations contusions
• Skull fracture diagnosis made hospital computed tomographic ct
• Signs aka skull fracture ecchymosis bruising develops eyes
• Skull fractures linear aka nondisplaced appromixately kind
• Compressed skull fractures result high-energy direct trauma head
• Skull basilar fractures high-energy trauma occur diffuse impact
• Signs include basilar skull fracture csf drainage ears
• Traumatic brain injury tbi defined insult capable producing
• Broad catagories tbi primary direct injuries secondary indirect
• Primary direct injuries brain structures results instantaneously impact
• Brain secondary indirect injuries refer multitude processes increase
• Common secondary injuries brain hypoxia hypotension
• Cerebral intracranial secondary injuries brain caused edema hemorrhage
• Long tbi secondary brain injuries occur minuters days
• Coup-contrecoup injury brain strikes front back skull due
• Cerebral edema swelling brain develop hours initial injury
• Aggravates improves cerebral edema aggravated low oxygen levels
• Injury patient head uncommon seizure uncommon for result excessive
• Lead rapid increase intracranial pressure caused accumulation blood
• Signs symptoms mild elevation intracranial pressure increased blood
• Signs symptoms moderate elevation intracranial pressure widened pulse
• Signs symptoms intracranial irregular level marked elevation pressure
• Abduction motion midline is what
• Muscles musculoskeletal system are there
• Occur unilaterally means appears side body
• Ligaments connect bones what are
• Homeostasis balance systems conditions body shock progresses degrades
• Parts cardiovascular system pump set pipes contents container
• Systolic pressure peak arterial generated time heart contracts
• Diastolic pressure maintained arteries heart rests heartbeats
• Sphincters circular muscles encircle contracting constrict duct tube
• Caused basic trauma fluid shock pump failure heart
• Pump failure cardiogenic obstructive shock caused kind
• Shock kinds poor vessel function distributive septic neurogenic
• Shock kinds low fluid volume hypovolemic hemorrhagic nonhemorrhagic
• Cardiogenic shock caused inadequate functioning heart pump failure
• Edema presence abnormally large amounts fluid cells body
• Cardiogenic shock develop heart maintain sufficient output cardiac
• Myocardial contractility ability heart contract
• Preload precontraction pressure heart volume blood builds
• Afterload force resistance heart pumps
• Obstructive shock results conditions mechanical obstruction cardiac muscle
• Common examples obstructive shock cardiac tamponade tension pneumothorax
• Pericardial cardiac tamponade a.k.a collection fluid sac myocardium
• Blood accumulation heart sac cardiac tamponade occurs leaks
• Signs symptoms cardiac tamponade referred beck's triad jugular
• Air chest damage lung tension pneumothorax caused tissue
• Small distributive shock widespread dilation arterioles venules
• Vessel toxins walls septic shock result severe infections
• Neurogenic shock caused damage spinal cord upper cervical
• Patients important consideration neurogenic shock kinds lack ability
• Signs circulatory respiratory lips system blood anaphylactic shock
• Psychogenic shock patient sudden reaction nervous system produces
• Potentially life syncope threatening irregular heartbeat brain aneurysm
• Hypovolemic shock result inadequate amount fluid volume system
• Hypovolemic shock kind include hemorrhagic non-hemorrhagic vomiting diarrhea
• Carbon monoxide affect ability cells metabolize carry oxygen
• Compensated shock early stage body compensate blood loss
• Blood pressure decompensated shock stage falls signs symptoms
• Stage irreversible shock progressed terminal transfusion save patient's
• Blood pressure remember drops children infants patients maintain
• Severe injury conditions patients make suspect shock expect
• Real effective treatment severe acute allergic reaction administer
• Signs symptoms treat pulse cardiogenic shock include chest
• Signs symptoms dependent rapid decreased sounds blood obstructive
• Signs symptoms septic shock treat include warm skin
• Signs symptoms neurogenic shock treat include bradycardia low
• Signs symptoms assisting anaphylactic shock treat include mild
• Signs symptoms psychogenic shock treat include rapid pulse
• Signs symptoms hypovolemic shock treat include rapid weak
• Treat tension pneumothorax high-flow oxygen non-re-breathing mask cautious
• Spine position place patients neurogenic shock slight elevation
• Die brain tissue start oxygen begin minutes
• Anatomic structures make upper airway nose mouth jaw
• Major function upper airway warm filter humidify air
• Composed pharynx muscular tube extends nose mouth level
• Lowest portion pharynx laryngopharynx base splits lumens larynx
• Membrane nasopharynx formed union facial bones lined cilated
• Oropharynx forms posterior portion oral cavity bordered superiorly
• Airway larynx marks upper ends lower begins
• Thyroid cartilage shield-shaped structure formed plates join v
• Forms cricoid cartilage lies inferiorly thyroid lowest portion
• Glottis space vocal cords narrowest portion adult's airway
• Trachea conduit air entry lungs approximately centimeters length
• Carina point trachea bifurcates left mainstream bronchi
• Visceral pleura thin slippery outer membrane covers lung
• Parietal pleura lines inside thoracic cavity
• Lies visceral pleura parietal small amount fluid serves
• Proportionately remember airway smaller larger children's patients mandible
• Space mediastinum lungs surrounded tough connective tissue heart
• Phrenic nerve important nervous structures body innervates diaphragm
• Ventilation physical act moving air lungs
• Molecules oxygenation process loading oxygen hemoglobin bloodstream
• Respiration actual exchange oxygen carbon dioxide alveoli tissues
• Inhalation active muscular part breathing
• Air breath draw approximately ml adult
• Partial pressure term describe amount gas air dissolved
• Pressure partial oxygen air alveoli mm hg
• Pressure partial carbon dioxide air alveoli mm hg
• Air alveolar ventilation determined volume reaches alveoli subtracting
• Tidal volume amount air moved lungs single breath
• Dead space portion tidal volume reach alveoli participate
• Mechanism injury traumatic occur forces act body damage
• Minute dead ml ventilation a.k.a volume amount air
• Vital capacity refers amount air forcibly expelled lungs
• Residual volume air remains maximal expiration approximately ml
• Exhalation passive part breathing process diaphragm intercostal muscles
• Primarily ventilation regulated ph cerebrospinal fluid directly related
• Hypoxic drive condition chronically low levels oxygen blood
• Carbon oxygen dioxide potentially drive breathing control high
• Dyspnea shortness breath is what
• Metabolism cellular respiration is another
• Chemical composition air average oxygen nitrogen carbon dioxide
• Alveoli surfactant liquid protein substance coats lungs decreases
• Normal conditions percentage hemoglobin receptor sites oxygen
• Processes aerobic respiration proceed presence oxygen  energy form
• Chemoreceptors monitor levels o2 co2 ph cerebrospinal fluid
• Ph elevation carbon dioxide levels affect balance csf
• Normal resting approximately ml minute ventilation rate volume
• Intrapulmonary shunting bypassing oxygen-poor blood past nonfunctional alveoli
• Attached bag-mask device one-way valve face mask ventilation
• Respiratory rate normal adults group average breaths minute
• Normal respiratory rate children group breaths minute
• Normal respiratory rate infants group breaths minute
• Retractions skin pulls ribs clavicle respiration sign inadequate
• Occur respiratory agonal gasps occasional gasping breaths heart
• Pattern increasing rate depth cheyne-stokes respirations irregular respiratory
• Ataxic respirations pattern irregular ineffective identifiable
• Kussmaul respirations irregular breathing pattern characterized deep gasping
• Maneuver patient suspect cervical spine injury open airway
• Principle purposes oropharyngeal airway tongue blocking upper make
• Acceptable method inserting oral airway tongue children group
• Consult medical control inserting nasopharyngeal airway patient sustained
• Airflow vacuum suctioning unit generate l minute mm
• Suction catheter hollow cylindrical device remove fluid patient's
• Seconds long suction patient's mouth nose time adults
• Patient position recovery maintain clear airway unconscious injured
• Pin-indexing system established portable cylinders ensure regulator connected
• Flow rate percent oxygen delivered nasal cannula device
• Flow rate percent oxygen delivered nonre-breathing mask device
• Flow rate device percent oxygen delivered bag-mask reservoir
• Flow rate percent oxygen delivered mouth-to-mask device litres
• Mask nonrebreathing one-way valve patients partial rebreathing similar
• Air normal positive-pressure ventilation lungs nature movement versus
• Blood normal positive-pressure ventilation pulled back heart nature
• Normal positive-pressure ventilation breathing nature airway wall pressure
• Normal positive-pressure ventilation nature esophageal opening pressure versus
• Normal positive-pressure ventilation nature overventilation versus typical breathing
• Rate apneic patients pulse ventilation adults breath seconds
• Rate apneic patients pulse ventilation children infants breath
• Patients respiratory arrest bag-mask device deliver high concentrations
• Volume capability adult bag-mask device ml
• Volume capability pediatric bag-mask device ml
• Volume capability infant bag-mask device ml
• Ventilation device manually triggered aka flow-restricted oxygen-powered fixed
• Compliance ability alveoli expand air drawn inhalation
• Patient respiratory include follow commands signs pulmonary cpap
• Assessment steps process divided main parts scene size-up
• Medical key assessing patient trauma situations remain organized
• Underlying condition problem patient revealed frequently combination signs
• Symptom subjective condition patient feels tells
• Sign objective condition observe patient
• Minimum visibility gear american national standards institute certified
• Typically leave scene exact entered
• Important consideration patients severe environmental conditions remember obliged
• Skin force injury occurs difference blunt trauma penetrating
• Illness determine examples problem nature noi general type
• Equipment personal protective aka ppe clothing specialized protection
• Standard precautions protective measures traditionally developed centers disease
• Incident is the command system implemented manage disasters mass-casualty
• Triage process sorting patients based severity patient's condition
• Identify life threats assess treat patient primary assessment
• Patient's identifying current orientation tests mental status checking
• Response glascow coma scale scores eye opening spontaneous
• Conversation glascow coma scale scores verbal response oriented
• Pain abnormal glascow coma scale scores motor response
• Score dysfunction glascow coma scale aka gcs breakdowns? 
• Brighter light introduced eye happen case pupils constrict
• Patient anisocoria condition exhibit unequal pupil size family
• Brain depressed function caused injury stem trauma stroke
• Opiates pupils constrict significantly light small pinpoint
• Commands longer icp pupils sufficient pressure oculomotor nerve
• Tendons connect muscles bones what
• Pearrl stand pupils equal round regular size react
• Spontaneous breathing aka respirations patient breathes assistance
• Ratio inhalation exhalation times occur
• Patient breathing information obtain assess questions respiratory rate
• Patient coughs thick yellowish greenish sputum sign advanced
• Lungs auscultate hear patients breath sounds back accessible
• Rales aka crackles wet crackling sounds inspiration expiration
• Sounds rhonchi congested breath suggest presence mucus lungs
• Accessory muscles include neck sternocleidomastoid chest pectoris majors
• Nasal flaring pediatric patients inadequate breathing
• Tripod position patient sitting leaning forward outstreched arms
• Patient sniffing position commonly children sits upright head
• Normal pulse rate infants month year beats minute
• Normal pulse rate toddlers years beats minute
• Normal pulse rate preschool chldren years beats minutes
• Normal pulse rate school age children years beats
• Normal pulse rate adolescents years adults beats minute
• Sclera white portion eye the
• Determine capillary refill newborns young infants press forehead
• Long rapid scan patient seconds
• Conditions poor severe body examples high-priority patients transported
• Refers time golden period platinum injury definitive care
• Topical medications lotions creams ointments applied surface skin
• Scene patients benefit remaining receiving continuing care older
• Chief complaint reason patient called
• Nka stand allergies what does
• Pertinent negatives findings warrant care intervention complete examination
• Close-ended questions patients note silence clue patient's chief
• Remember determing nature chief complaint number medical traumatic
• Common confusion hypoxia of is
• Stethoscope deal hearing impaired patients function aid place
• Purpose systematic secondary assessment perform physical examination patient
• Crepitus sound joints rubbing is
• Sphygmomanometer blood pressure cuff is
• Capnography noninvasive method quickly efficiently provide information patient's
• Capnometry capnometer device measures amount expired carbon dioxide
• Full-body scan systematic head-to-toe examination
• Focused assessment generally performed patients sustained nonsignificant mois
• Normal range blood pressure adults mm hg systolic
• Normal range blood pressure children years mm hg
• Normal range blood pressure infants newborn year mm
• Subcutaneous emphysema crackling sound produced air bubbles skin
• Reassessment phase performed regular intervals identify treat patient's
• Patient's condition improves continue treatments providing
• Pharmacology science drugs is what
• Pharmacodynamics process medication works body
• Agonist medication stimulation receptors is
• Antagonist medication binds receptor block
• Effect medication's action therapeutic intended expected body
• Remember doses elderly population decreased process medications efficiently
• Indication reasons conditions medication are
• Contraindications reasons conditions medication person's
• Side effects actions medication desired
• Unintended effects undesirable pose risk patient
• Untoward effects harmful patient are
• Difference medication's generic trade simple clear nonproprietary brand
• Otc medications purchased prescription are
• Enteral medications enter body digestive system
• Parenteral medications enter body route digestive tract skin
• Absorption process medications travel body tissues reach bloodstream
• Retum pr route administration medication administrated rectum commonly
• Intravenous iv route administration medication administed vein fastest
• Route intraosseous io administration medication delivered bone reaching
• Route skin subcutaneous sc sq administration medication delivered
• Tissue intramuscular im route administration medication administered muscle
• Medication inhalation route administration inhaled lungs absorbed bloodstream
• Medication oral sublingual sl route administration administered tongue
• Patches transcutaneous transdermal route administration medication administered skin
• Administered atomizer device route intranasal administration medication nostril
• Mixture solution liquid substances separated filtering allowing stand
• Suspension mixture ground particles distributed evenly liquid dissolve
• Medication metered-dose inhaler a.k.a mdi miniature spray canister
• Rights medication administration patient dose route time documentation
• Order receive echo technique repeating physician administration medication
• Medication administering circumstances peer-assisted partner patient-assisted assisting patient
• Medications administered emts depending local protocol oxygen activated
• Lipitor aka atorvastatin lower cholesterol
• Montelukast aka singulair prevent asthma attacks
• Escitalopram aka lexapro treat depression
• Esomeprazole aka nexium treat gastric reflux
• Levothyroxine aka synthroid treat decreased thyroid functioning
• Clopidogrel aka plavix prevent stroke heart attack
• Metroprolol aka toprol lower blood pressure
• Lansoprazole aka prevacid treat stomach ulcers
• Aka ezetimibe simvastatin vytorin zetia lower cholesterol
• Fluticasone salmeterol aka advair diskus treat asthma
• Cetirizine aka zyrtec treat allergies
• Venlafaxine aka effexor treat depression
• Pantoprazole aka protonix treat gastic reflux
• Valsartan aka diovan treat high blood pressure
• Alendronate aka fosamax treat osteoporosis
• Potassium chloride aka klor-con treat low levels
• Valsartan hydrochlorothiazide aka diovan hct treat hypertension
• Levofloxacin aka levaquin antibiotic is
• Polypharmacy refers multiple medications person
• Common bronchodilator kind medication albuterol aka proventil ventolin
• Asthma reactive airway disease is
• Standard dose epinephrine auto-injector mg
• Blood pressure epinephrine aka adrenaline characteristics main hormone
• Blood arteries pressure nitroglycerin purpose increase flow relieving
• Standard dose nitroglycerin mg pill
• Wait long doses nitroglycerin minutes administering
• Aspirin a.k.a acetylsalicylic acid a.s.a antipyretic fever reducer
• Adsorption means bind stick surface
• Usual dose activated charcoal grams kilogram body weight
• Emt administer oral glucose orally
• Adult administration weight action indications contraindications routes sides
• Adult administration digestive tract action indications contraindications routes
• Chest pain adult administration patients action indications contraindications
• Adult administration nervous tachycardia inhalation patient action indications
• Adult administration allergic action indications contraindications routes sides
• General rule pulse age rates respirations younger person
• Tidal volume neonates age group ml kg
• Cartilage soft semiflexible material found joints serves cushioning
• Adult administration nervous action indications contraindications routes sides
• Adult administration fever pain weight action indications contraindications
• Adult administration blood hypotension spray mg action indications
• Adult administration glucose nausea vomiting action indications contraindications
• Oxygen patients adult administration c.o.p.d respiratory action indications
• Neonate baby birth month is
• Systolic blood pulse rate respirations pressure temperature neonates
• Systolic blood pulse rate respirations pressure temperature infants
• Systolic blood pulse rate respirations pressure temperature toddler
• Systolic blood pulse rate respirations pressure temperature preschool
• Systolic blood pulse rate respirations pressure temperature school
• Systolic blood adults pulse rate respirations pressure temperature
• Systolic blood pulse rate respirations pressure temperature adolescents
• Adduction motion midline is what
• Weight birth head week neonate weigh percent account
• Nasal important considerations neonate's pulmonary system group breath
• Pressure barotrauma trauma resulting disequilibrium body surfaces lungs
• Neonate moro reflex aka startle caught guard opens
• Palmer grasp infant reflex object palm
• Rooting reflex takes place touches neonate's cheek neonate
• Sucking reflex occurs neonate's lips stroked
• Fontanelles areas infat's skull fused posterior fuses month
• Infant's fontanelles depressed bulging infant dehydrated indicative increased
• Infant noticeable characteristics months age recognize familar faces
• Infant noticeable characteristics months age bring objects mouth
• Infant noticeable characteristics months age reach people drool
• Infant noticeable characteristics months age sleep night family
• Infant noticeable characteristics months age teething begins sit
• Infant noticeable characteristics months age afraid strangers mood
• Infant noticeable characteristics months age responds sit plays
• Infant noticeable characteristics months age pull places objects
• Infant noticeable characteristics months age responds crawls efficiently
• Infant noticeable characteristics months age starts walk frustrated
• Infant noticeable characteristics months age walk
• Parents secure attachment occurs infant understands caregivers responsive
• Children anxious-avoidant attachment style show emotional response parents
• Age immunity physical developments toddlers preschoolers groups children
• Age transition language children communicate creatively playfully occurs
• School age children grow year group lbs kg
• Pre-conventional reasoning stage development children act purely avoid
• Conventional reasoning stage development children approval peers society
• Postconventional reasoning stage development children make decisions guided
• Atherosclerosis disorder cholesterol calcium build-up inside walls blood
• Respiratory system late adults group size airway increases
• Insulin endocrine system late adults group person gains
• Digestive system late adults group blood flow drop
• Age renal system late adults group filtration function
• Nervous system late adults group brain shrink age
• Terminal drop hypothesis theory person's mental function declines
• Live poverty line united states percentage single women
• Topographic anatomy landmarks surface body orient treatment
• Reference anatomic position patient stands facing arms side
• Plane body frontol coronal anterior posterior transverse horizontal
• Opposite surface superficial closest skin deep farthest
• Palmar surface term palm is
• Plantar surface term bottom foot
• Apex plural apices tip structure
• Flexion bending joint is what
• Extension straightening joint is what
• Axial skeleton forms foundation arms legs hung composed
• Appendicular skeleton composed arms legs connective points pelvis
• Bones body are there how
• Foramen magnum large opening base skull
• Maxillae upper non-moveable jawbones are
• Zygomas cheekbones are the what
• Orbit eye socket is the
• Vertebrae body are there in
• Sections spine vertebrae cervical thoracic lumbar sacrum coccyx
• Pairs ribs body of are
• Sternum midline chest bordered superiorly easily palpable jugular
• Xiphoid process narrow cartilaginous tip forms inferior part
• Shoulder girdle bones clavicle scapula humerus allowing arm
• Clavicle aka collarbone overlies superior boundaries thorax fonrt
• Scapula lies muscular tissue posterior thoracic wall
• Larger bones compose forearm composed ulna medial proximal
• Bones make pelvis made sacrum pelvic formed fusion
• Pubis symphysis hard bony cartilaginous prominence found midline
• Acetabulum part pelvis lower leg connects socket ball
• Greater trochanter projection lateral superior portion femur
• Lesser trochanter medial superior portion femur
• Patella kneecap is the what
• Leg tibia shine bone larger lower lies anterior
• Leg fibula smaller bones lower lies lateral side
• Joint capsules fibrous sacs composed ligaments end bones
• Synovial membrane special tissue lining joint capsule responsible
• Difference ball-and-socket joints hinge rotation bending shoulder restricts
• Skeletal system responsible resonsible giving body shape providing
• Voluntary skeletal muscles aka attach bones skeleton forms
• Smooth muscle found blood vessels intestines
• Cardiac muscle found heart is
• Epiglottis thin leaf-shaped valve protects opening trachea
• Location function biceps located anterior humerus flexes lower
• Location function triceps located posterior humerus extends lower
• Location function pectoralis located anterior thorax flexes rotates
• Location function latissimus dorsi located posterior thorax extends
• Location function rectus abdominis located anterior abdomen flexes
• Location function tibialis anterior located tibia points toes
• Location function gastrocnemius located posterior tibia points toes
• Location function quadriceps located anterior femur extends lower
• Location function biceps femoris located posterior femur flexes
• Location function gluteus located posterior pelvis extends rotates
• Larynx voice box is another
• Thyroid cartilage cricothyroid membrane lies cricoid felt depression
• Kind muscle diaphragm unique characteristics skeletal smooth
• Body detect decreased blood pressure result situation baroreceptors
• V/q ratio examines gas moved effectively blood gaining
• Pathophysiology study functional occur body reacts disease
• Normal physiologic ph is what
• Sodium bicarbonate alkaline helps buffer neutralize acidic waste
• Lactic acid metabolic end product breakdown glucose accumulates
• Endocrine system complex message control hormones stimulate body
• Body healthy adult percent total weight delivered fluid
• Enzymes substance catalysts designed speed rate specific biochemical
• Body hormones substances formed specialized organs glands carried
• Bile produced liver stored gallbladder emptied needed duodenum
• Chyme ingested food converted stomach mixed semisolid mass
• Produced saliva daily approximately litres
• Average stroke volume sv adult heart ml
• Average cardiac output adult litres
• Electrical charge positive processes mechanical contraction heart depolarization
• Path electrical impulse produces smooth flow electricity heart
• Chordae tendineae thin bands fibrous tissue attach valves
• Tunica media middle layer artery smooth muscles found
• Coronary arteries supply heart the
• Carotid arteries supply head the
• Hepatic arteries supply liver blood
• Renal arteries supply kidneys blood
• Mesenteric arteries supply digestive system blood
• Resistance blood systemic vascular svr flow vessels pulmonary
• Blood spleen time approximately ml organ virtually body
• Composed cellular blood plasma water proteins albumin regulates
• Blood child body group approximately litres depending age
• Blood infant body group ml
• Blood heart arteries capillaries versus veins venules ratio
• Interstitial space cells is what
• Alpha-adrenergic receptors portions nervous system stimulated constriction blood
• Beta-adrenergic receptors portions nervous system stimulated increase force
• Parts brain stem midbrain pons medulla oblongata
• Nervous parasympathetic system half autonomic generally slow body
• Glands layers skin epidermis base germinal continuously produces
• Long cells produced germinal layer rise stratum corneal
• Location function timing dorsal respiratory group drg medulla
• Location function timing ventral respiratory group vrg medulla
• Location function timing pneumotaxic pontine center pons inhibits
• Location function timing apneustic center pons excites drg
• Location function timing hering-breuer inflation reflex stretch chest
• Location function timing hering-breuer deflation reflex chest detects
• Location function hormone produced adrenal gland kidneys stress
• Function location hormone produced ovary gland female pelvis
• Location function hormone produced pancreas gland retroperitoneal space
• Location function hormone produced parathyroid gland neck thyroid
• Endocrine glands location function hormone produced pituitary base
• Function location hormone produced testes gland male scrotum
• Location function hormone produced thyroid gland neck larynx
• Additional skill aemt perform standard emt-b esophageal-tracheal intubation
• Medical responsible ensuring responsibilities director person license emt-bs
• Standing orders specific policies issued medical director authorizes
• Continuous quality improvement aka cqi involve involves remedial
• Responsible maintaining quality control responsibility ultimately rests medical
• Emt-bs priority call personal safety
• Essential skills emt-b learn examples include verbal written
• Ten standards identified technical assistance program assessment provided
• Online medical control direct contact doctor current patient
• Term medical direction control is
• List steps situations developed medical director called referred
• Agency federal developed standards training development ems system
• Components ems system include dispatchers patients personnel responders
• Burnout condition chronic fatigue frustration results mounting stress
• Power handle downed lines scene motor vehicle accident
• Remember handling needles dealing wear gloves recap dispose
• Syphilis transmitted sexually disease bloodborne
• Stages grieving process steps denial hostility bargaining depression
• Exposure occurs individual contact blood bodily fluids important
• Common hazards fire smoke oxygen deficiency high ambient
• Occurs cisd critical incident stress debriefing meeting mental
• Dealing multiple patients important remember sitaution change gloves
• Common spread infectious disease field careless handling infected
• Thing teams emt-b arriving scene hzardous materials incident
• Simplest effective ways control disease transmission handwashing
• Tuberculosis transmitted inhaled airborne droplets
• Gas responsible deaths year by-product combustion carbon monoxide
• Law ensure potentially violent situation civil disturbance utilize
• Signs hepatitis fever loss appetite jaundice fatigue
• Suspect infected person's blood body fluid entered system
• Direct contact exposure communicable disease person
• Body substance isolation bsi concept based assumption fluids
• Meningitis inflammation meningeal coverings brain spinal column
• Important safeguards report incomplete legal problems complete accurate
• Advanced directive aka health care written document specifies
• Dnr orders written documentation give medical personnel permission
• Assualt anytime unlawfully place person fear bodily harm
• Battery defined unlawfully touching person consent
• Care abandonment unilateral termination emt patient's consent making
• Defamation communication false information person damaging person's reputation
• Consent expressed aka actual type patient give express
• Consent implied type patient unable give treatment legal
• Treatment informed consent permission compentent patient potential risks
• Good samaritan laws statutory provisions enacted states protect
• Breach duty anytime emt-b act expected reasonable standard
• Duty legal emt assist respective jurisdictions begun respond
• Minor situations treated adult purpose consenting treatment occur
• Disabilities americans act ada legislation passed designed protect
• Medical off-line indirect control protocol standing orders carried
• Patient inform refuses treatment potential risks benefits alternatives
• Ryan white law requires hospital staff notify department's
• Factors communicating patients body language verbal choice words
• Repeater receives messages frequencies automatically transmits higher
• Include oral report hospital staff complete precise provide
• Radio trunking system frequencies assigned group time conversation
• Base station radio hardware transmitter receiver located fixed
• Ems unit functions dispatcher person include screening calls
• Watts mobile operate power vhf radios mounted vehicles
• Watts power handsets operate transmit
• Discover error writing report situation draw single horizontal
• Important rule thumb speaking radio repeat back told
• Radio licensing establishing federal communications commission aka fcc
• Therapeutic communication strategies techniques encourage patients honestly express
• Improve handheld radio strength efficiency higher location minimal
• Patient's information receiving nurse physician give person vital
• Include patiet care report pcr short simply state
• Effective delivery oxygen lungs long term endotracheal tube
• Tube patient's calculate correct-sized endotracheal pediatric patients type
• Carbon dioxide detector end tidal primarily confirm proper
• Long ett insertion longer seconds lengthy attempts intubating
• Step cuff tube placing ett patient unconscious unresponsive
• Patients contraindications mutli-lumen airway device include conscious semi-conscious
• Spinal patients suspected injury attempting oral intubation kinds
• Proper tube disposable plastic end-tidal co2 detector secondary
• Properly ett positioned cuff situated past vocal cords
• Intubated patient absence cardiac arrest bilaterally equal breath
• Endotracheal intubation unresponsive patients gag reflex ability cough
• Curved macintosh blade inserted front epiglottis vallecula space
• Endotracheal tube male proper size adult patient proper-sized
• Common error made endotracheal intubation procedure accidenlt advancing
• Ml air inflate ett cuff correctly secure airway
• Key rule lifting back upright position lift twisting
• Safest powerful lift power kind
• Responsible rescuers coordinating moves resourcers team leader
• Commonly device move transport patients wheeled ambulance stretcher
• Stretchers devices carry patients types include wheeled ambulance
• Bariatrics branch medicine concerned management prevention control obesity
• Stretcher water basket aka stokes litter rigid commonly
• Stretcher diamond carry carrying technique emt located head
• Ground direct lift lifting technique patients found lying
• Emergency move patient dragged pulled dangerous scene assessment
• Extremity lift lifting technique patients supine sitting position
• Flexible stretcher rigid carrying device secured patient folded
• Portable stretcher strong rectangular tubular metal frame rigid
• Handle palm power grip technique litter backboard gripped
• Legs power lift lifting technique emts back held
• Rapid extrication technique move patient sitting position inside
• Problem sputum patient paste stand progression started suddenly
• Subluxation incomplete dislocation joint is
• Hemopneumothorax condition presence air blood pleural space thorax
• Epidural hematoma accumulation blood skull dura mater
• Common epidural hematoma result blow head produces linear
• Immediately patient consciousness condition injury epidural hematoma situation
• Subdural hematoma accumulation blood beneath dura mater brain
• Hematomas develop gradually epidural subdural signs icp venous
• Intracerebral hematoma involves bleeding brain tissue high mortality
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage bleeding occurs space csf circulates
• Common subarachnoid hematoma condition include trauma rupture aneurysm
• Common symptom subarachnoid hematoma sudden severe headache mortality
• Concussion mild tbi caused blow head face general
• Patients experience loss percentage sustain concussion consciousness apprixmiately
• Retrograde amneisa patient remember events leading injury
• Anterograde posttraumatic amnesia patient unable remember events injury
• Additional signs symptoms concussion patients nausea vomiting ringing
• Assume patients symptoms concussion injury
• Brain contusion involves physical injury tissue concussion
• Spinal compression injuries occur result fall patient landed
• Distraction spine pulled length is
• Protect patient spinal injury's airway advanced techniques employed
• Spinal absence pain and/or ability move feel extremities
• Gradual progressive deterioration patient's response stimuli brain injury
• Cushing's triad herniation syndrome is
• Signs respirations cushing's triad hypertension bradycardia irregular cheyne-stokes
• Cushing's triad herniation syndrome intracranial pressure great forces
• Prime concern patient perform four-person log roll situation
• Patient wandering accident suspect skull spinal injuries situation
• Left airway problems helmet injured trauma patient provided
• Remove helmet removed trauma patient makes assessing managing
• Additional consideration children helmets skull spinal injuries situation
• Due emergency department visits chest traumas annually year
• Deaths cuased chest trauma annually caused
• Intercostal muscles extend ribs innervated spinal nerves originating
• Belly breathing occurs patient diaphragm considered clinical positive
• Closed chest injury skin broken generally caused blunt
• Chest open injury object penetrates wall
• Die kills people immediately car crashes patients result
• Chest signs symptoms pain site injury localized aggravated
• Patients kind breathing chest trauma injury tachypnea shallow
• Pain pleuritic pleurisy irritation damage pleural surfaces characteristic
• Chest patient trauma dyspnea things including airway obstruction
• Hemoptysis chest trauma patient lung air passages damaged
• Paradoxical motion abnormality multiple fractured ribs segment referred
• Occlusive dressing made vaseline-impregnated gauze aluminum foil plastic
• Remember patient treating chest trauma positive-pressure ventilation situation
• Chest pneumothorax contusion deadly dozen injuries detected managed
• Alert elderly trauma patient reduced bone density number
• Difference hypoxia hypoxemia decrease oxygen decreased number red
• Open chest sucking sound pneumothorax penetrating wound  is
• Hear past percentage collapse start dimished breath sounds
• Airway order faced open pneumothorax true emergency situation
• Flutter valve one-way air leave chest cavity return
• Signs tension pneumothorax develop suggested occlusive dressing partially
• Area weakened lung called bleb
• Spontaneous pneumothorax event related major injury simply normal
• Simple pneumothorax condition result major patient's physiology
• Air pleural tension pneumothorax conditions occurs significant ongoing
• Common signs symptoms side tension pneumothorax increasing respiratory
• Common tension pneumothorax closed blunt injury chest fractured
• Hemothorax condition blood collects pleural space thorax
• Heart pericardial blood fluid amount cardiac tamponade condition
• Signs symptoms cardiac tamponade pericardial referred beck's triad
• Frank-starling mechanism streches heart create good contraction pump
• Chest crepitus subcutaneous emphysema trauma patient condition air
• Fractured flail chest condition ribs places sternum segment
• Patient respiratory treat flail chest situation maintain airway
• Pulmonary contusion injuring bruising lung tissue results hemorrhage
• Suspect pulmonary contusion provide patients flail chest respiratory
• Traumatic asphyxia result sudden severe compression chest produces
• Provide treat traumatic asphyxia condition severe ventilatory support
• Myocardial contusion bruising heart muscle provide supplemental oxygen
• Blunt chest heart commotio cordis injury caused sudden
• Treat commotio cordis situation ventricular fibrillation occurs injury
• Vena cava pulmonary large blood vessels chest superior
• Deaths due blunt trauma include percentage transection aorta
• People die year result aortic great vessel rupture
• Bone brain cranium skull connects spinal cord foramen
• Major bones face nasal maxillae upper jawbones zygomas
• Composed orbit eye lower edge frontal bone skull
• Formed nose bone proximal rest composed cartilage
• External visible part ear called pinna
• Small rounded fleshy bulge immediately anterior canal called
• Superficial temporal artery palpated anterior tragus
• Mastoid process prominent bony mass base skull posterior
• Teeth human mouth are in
• Cervical spine vertebrae spinal column c1 c7
• Carotid arteries found side trachea jugular veins nerves
• Cartilage thyroid cricoid middle neck cricothyroid membrane thin
• Easily carotid arteries palpable palpated groove cm lateral
• Sternocleidomastoid muscles originate mastoid process cranium insert medial
• Big eye approximately diameter is
• Protected adult eye globe orbit
• Surface conjunctiva membrane covers exposed eye eyelids
• Lacrimal glands tear eye moist
• Sclera white eye extremely tough fibrous tissue
• Cornea clear transparent membrane light enter eye
• Iris circular muscle lies cornea opening center light
• Pupil opening center iris the
• Anisocoria congenitial condition people born unequal pupils
• Lens iris focuses images retina
• Retina back globe numerous nerve endings respond light
• Retinal detachment condition retina detaches underlying choroid sclera
• Injuries important consideration face neck patient's airway situation
• Break blood hemotoma blunt injury deos skin vessel
• Signs mandibular fracture this include misalignment teeth numbness chin
• Remember treating soft-tissues injury face neck important bleeding
• Injury exposes brain eye structures cover exposed parts
• Find portions avulsed skin separated injury wrap sterile
• Conjunctivitis small foreign object produces severe irritation making
• Irrigating eye remember flush avoid flushing material
• Object stuck cornea situation attempt remove
• Suspect impaled object eye situation bandage soft bulky
• Eye burned alkali strong acid situation hsould irrigate
• Light superficial burns eye caused ultraviolet rays arc
• Eye guidelines sterile important follow treating penetrating injuries
• Eyeball displaced socket situation attempt reposition simply cover
• Hyphema bleeding anterior chamber eye obscures part common
• Blowout fracture treat orbit bones support globe pain
• Epistaxis nosebleeds is what this
• Remove contact lense time case chemical burns eye
• Findings eyes alert possibility head injury pupil larger
• Turbinates layers bone covered moist lining chambers superior
• External auditory canal ear leads tympanic membrane eardrum
• Tympanic membrane called eardrum lies external middle ear
• Bones middle ear called hammer anvil stirrup
• Eustachian tube internal auditory canal connects middle ear
• Days injury surgeons repair facial deformities damages reversed
• Remember dealing avulsed tooth injury handle crown root
• Subcutaneous emphysema presence air soft tissues produces characteristic
• Exsanguination bleeding body the is
• Air embolism occurs vein punctured causing sucked heart
• Signs symptoms larynx injuries include respiratory distress hoarseness
• Result larnygeal injuries larynx crushed cervical spine resulting
• Treat laryngeal injuries provide oxygenation ventilation suspect cervical
• Barotrauma injuries occur sudden extreme air pressure
• Leading form injury soft-tissue trauma
• Visits ed emergency department year open wound related
• Visits result ed year contusions approximately million
• Largest organ body skin the
• Epidermis tough external layer forms watertight covering body
• Dermis layer skin lies germinal cells epidermis structures
• Mucous membranes cover openings body mouth nose anus
• Body functions skin serve serves including protecting foreign
• Types injuries soft tissue closed open burns
• Skin membrane closed injuries soft-tissue damage occurs beneath
• Open injuries break surface skin mucous membranes exposing
• Heat burns soft tissue damage occurs result thermal
• Blood area histamine inflammation dilation vessels increasing flow
• Wound tissue collagen healing process tough fibrous protein
• Temperature thermal burns occur skin exposed higher f
• Solids typically significant burn gases generally higher heat
• Contusion bruise injury bleeding beneath skin break
• Ecchymosis buildup blood produces characteristic blue black discoloration
• Blood damaged hematoma collected tissue body cavity occurs
• Crushing injury occurs great amount force applied body
• Crush syndrome area body trapped longer hours arterial
• Fluid blood compartment syndrome condition cells injured leak
• Contamination presence infectious organisms pathogens foreign bodies dirt
• Types open sot-tissue wounds abrasions lacerations avulsions penetrating
• Abrasion wound superficial layer skin caused friction body
• Laceration jagged cut caused sharp object blunt force
• Incision sharp smooth cut is
• Avulsion injury separates layers soft tissue subcutaneous fascia
• Avulsions situation remove skin flap size
• Amputation injury part body completely severed
• Penetrating wound puncture injury resulting sharp pointed object
• Time observe bruising swelling deformity patient reporting pain
• Treating rices stand soft-tissue injuries r.est i.ce c.ompression
• Clean open wound hospital personnel
• Control bleeding splinting extremity fracture
• Sterile evisceration faced organs protrude wound touch move
• Exception rule removing impaled object interferes cpr
• Deaths year attributed burns account
• Airway significant burns importance loose mucosa hypopharynx swell
• Burn patient factors determine severity important depth extent
• Degree burns thickness types superficial 1st partial 2nd
• Skin superficial 1st degree burns involve top layer
• Partial-thickness burn involve epidermis portion dermis destroy entire
• Area full-thickness burn extend skin layers involve subcutaneous
• Patient's rule nines method estimate burn surface area
• Long flood chemical burn gallons water minutes patient
• Insulator substance prevents electrical circuit source ground completed
• Conductor substance current flow is
• Amperage measurement magnitude current is
• Current electric enters body burned entrance wound path
• Important remember electrical burns severe  than external signs
• Danger electric currents chest cross cardiac arrest
• Thermal burns caused heat are
• Flame burns deep person's clothing catches fire
• Scald burn commonly children handicapped adults cover large
• Flash burns thermals caused explosion lightening strikes
• Singed hairs patient shows signs edema hoarse voice
• Occlusive dressings made vaseline gauze aluminium foil plastic
• Bandage check limb distal circulation improperly applied impairs
• Patients skin cherry red situation rule intoxication
• Hcn hydrogen cyanide colorless smell bitter almonds

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