MCAT 132 Behavioral Sciences - Connor Fraser

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• Stage waves sleep theta delta spindles k complexes
• Neurons sensory/afferent  sensory receptors-->brain motor/efferent  brain-->muscle/glands inter controlled
• Nervous brain pns ans system cns  spinal cord
• Brain cerebrospinal fluid meninges purpose 1) protect 2) anchor skull
• Swellings mesencephalon neural tube rhombencephalon  hindbrain myelencephalon medulla
• Hypothalamus promotes hormone diencephalon thalamus relay station incoming
• Basal system limbic hippocampus telencephalon ganglia  cortex-->motor information
• Cortex area prefrontal frontal lobe regions perception prospective
• Parietal lobe cortex area 1) somatosensory projection destination touch
• Cortex gyrus motor somatosensory precentral central sulcus divides
• Dominant hemisphere(llm): wernicke's/broca's area language logic math skills nondominant
• Dominant/nondominant hemisphere visual system: letters/words/faces auditory system: language-related sounds/music language: speech/reading/writing/arithmetic/emotions
• Neurotransmitters acetylcholine transmit nerve impulses muscles pns/attention cns
• Reflex infant's stimulate reflexes:  babinski foot-->toes spread rooting
• Development  respiratory systems embryology: morula blastula gastrula endo/meso/ectoderm endoderm
• Early childhood development 1) stranger anxiety months separation anxiety 
• Receptors compounds osmoreceptors osmolarity blood thermoreceptors  temperature 3) photoreceptors
• Stimuli threshold weber's law intensity ratio detectable just-noticable
• Signal identified stimulus response correctly falsely trial presented
• Eye iris part cones chamber anatomy 1)sclera white
• Part incoming light pupillae iris pns body aqueous
• Ganglion cell detail rods/cones contrast rods converge sensitivity
• Olfactory auditory visual nerve geniculate the thalamus startle colliculus
• Ear outer anatomy pinna/auricle  rim lobe bottom part
• Labyrinth bony membranous filled scalae ooc ear anatomy
• Ear sound waves eardrum outer physiology pinna/auricle eac
• Window velocity hair cells pitch frequency oval ear
• Pain corpuscles deep pressure endings temperature somatosensation pacinian
• Memory  facts long term implicit procedural  skills conditioned
• Effect memory   recall state info primacy recency time
• Semantic network connections neurobiology spreading activation node activates
• Anxiety side body anxiogenic inducing axiolytic reducing idiopathic
• Error memory incorrectly problems encoding/remembering source amnesia  memory
• Brain disorder loss alzheimer's memory agnosia inability recognize
• Stimuli effect recovery habituation response behavior modifications discrimination
• Stimulus response behavior unconditioned stimuli conditioned reinforcer initiator
• Negative behavior positive stimuli punishment decrease removing adding
• Learning behaviors   reward animal observational  learn watching instinctive
• Schedule working reinforcement variable-interval playing lottery fixed-interval salary
• Operant learning behaviors conditioning/observational shaping conditioning rewarding increasingly
• Recognition remembering recall active vocalization identifying information previously
• Mnemonic peg word system  number method loci position
• Attention divided multiple things cocktail party phenomenon singular
• Processing memorization memory effortful conscious maintenance  rehearsal repeting
• Tastes sweet salty bitter umami(savory sour
• Memory encoding context report list letters visual eye
• Stage operational circular reactions thinking egocentrism piaget sensorimotor
• Information existing schemata schema(piaget adaption processing assimilation/accommodation accommodation
• Development developed lev vyogtsky::educational psychologist internalization culture drives
• Problem functional fixedness solving/decision making duncker's candle inability
• Fit letter k information heuristics:  availability heuristics similar
• Sleep waves theta waves:  beta active/alert alpha relaxing/eyes
• Sleep cycles sws predomination rem memory consolidation early
• Theory models activation dream dreaming:  synthesis random neurons
• Asleep sws fall parasomnias somnambulism movement night terrors
• Sleep narcolepsy symptoms:  cataplexy loss muscle control hypnagogic
• Low opium ses amphetamine reuptake dopamine/norepinephrine/serotonin depressants benzodiazepines
• Twin study relationship monozygotic identical dizygotic fraternal twins 
• Movement motor skills muscles fine  small gross  large
• Words language semantics meaning syntax sentences pragmatic prexisting
• Months language years acquisition timeline babbling word combining
• Aphasia area broca's-->wernicke's wernicke's loss broca's gyrus location
• Language theory learn acquisition period time child nativist/biological
• Reasoning deriving problem solving types trial-and-error testing solutions
• Theory arousal maintain drive states tension drives homeostasis
• Response emotional elements cognitive perceptual behavioral attitude physiological
• Appraisal decide stage situation positive outcomes negative stress
• Stage sns general adaption syndrome alarm initial reaction
• Releases adrenal alarm gas hypothalamus crh anterior pituitary
• Prefrontal cortex emotions left positive negative ventral experiencing
• Increased decreased skin heart temperature rate blood pulse
• Stage kohlberg's morality:  obedience self-interest called instrumental relativism
• Identity self-concept group setting schema label define concept
• Control locus ability efficacy perceive environment  learned helplessness
• Stage years develops conflict children freud psychosexual development
• Identity masculine/feminine gender undifferentiated characteristics  androgyny characteristics heirarchy
• Years erikson's stages psychosocial development:  trust mistrust::0-1 autonomy
• Enjoy trust erikson's stages integrity despair grow dignity
• Creative basic neurotic alfred adler:  inferiority complex sense
• Stage fixation development instincts freud libido present birth
• Id principle process objective reality actions child thoughts
• Defense unconsciously forcing thoughts memory urges emotion presented
• Personality trait psychologists  individual sum person's characteristic behaviors 
• Sensing thinking feeling information jung dichotomies personality extraversion
• Unconscious jung:  personal similar freud's collective shared human
• Client theory experiences positive humanistic/phenomenological concept:  kurt lewin's
• Personality behaviors interact determinism theories psycho analytic/dynamic unconscious
• Released by adrenal medulla regulates monoamines:  catecholamines epinephine norepinephrine
• Approach psychological disorders biopsychosocial   psychological social biological components
• Brain blood maps cortical shocking electrode creates regional
• Vta pathway ventral tegmental area destination location dopaminergic
• Brain people early psychology franz gall(1758-1828  phrenology bumps
• Affect disorganized behavior symptoms delusions thoughts words expression
• Depressive disorder episode major characterized period weeks symptoms(sig
• Episodes bipolar major depressive hypomania bipolar/related disorders  mania
• Anxiety disorder produced worrying generalized disproportionate persistent worry
• Disorder obsessive-compulsive/related impulse problems obsessive-compulsive obsessions persistent intrusive
• Disorder identity dissociative inability recall past experience due
• Symptom somatic disorder stress medical symptom/related bodily actual
• Behavior cluster personality disorders interpersonal pattern thinking impaired
• High risks bipolar schizophrenia excessive marijuana adolescence hypoxemia
• Dopamine parkinson's movement tremor symptoms shuffling gait postural
•  chromosome b-amyloid protein parietal cerebral genetic components alzheimer's
• Dramaturgical approach metaphor theatrical performance describing individuals create
• Group social facilitation performance response presence individual behavior
• Group people ideas illusion make decisions individuals shift
• Culture differences beliefs characteristic society people shock dramatic
• Socialization learning spreading norms primary initial acceptable actions 
• Social norms control mores widely observed individual interaction
• Society deviance theory violation norms stigma extreme disapproval
• Conformity group experiment majority influence synonym normative desire
• Request obedience made compliance changing behavior technique small
• Component attitude social cognition other's perceived impact people
• Communication behavior abilit convey information verbal verbal/written/signed nonverbal
• Organ vomeronasal nonfunctional detect pheromones
• Component attitudes route processing behave theories functional ego-defense
• Status positions society classify individuals ascribed involuntary characteristics
• Role set status difficulty satisfying multiple simultaneously expectations
• Group family individual close mind people share similar
• Unified ferdinand tonnies gemein schaft community shared culture
• Group observing analyzing interaction process analysis measuring small
• Networks social relationships individuals groups distant acquaintances friends
• Shift organizations components continue leaving expressed goals control
• Emotions model emotional expression social rules display anger
• Role impression management attempting influence perceive presentation authentic
• Universal emotions by paul ekman happiness sadness contempt surprise
• Released hpa axis order light  crh hypothalamus acth
• Acetylcholine transmits nerve impulses muscles pns maintains attention
• Regulating medulla oblongata's responsibilities breathing heart rate blood
• Drug misc names neuromodulators involved complicated postsynaptic cell
• Anterior pituitary gland functions:  thermal homeostasis gonadal function 
• Adrenal composed secretes glands located top kidneys produce
• Route sensation/transduction:  tactile receptors cns somatosensory cortex parietal
• Cells objects resolution magnocellular fast moving parvocellular stationary
• Liking people attraction self-disclosure giving personal details reciprocal
• Attachment response caregiver distressed child mary ainsworth infants
• Support social feel cared environment high lowers risk
• Foraging seeking eating food hypothalamus controls cognitive skills
• Mate selection trait benefit mating multiple bias good
• Altruism game empathy donor+ recipient donor recipient+ fitness
• Perceiver perception social perception/social cognition tools make judgments
• Perceiver impression based effect situation traits target models
• Perceiver attribution self-serving bias internal/external discrimination target situation
• Behavior attribution dispositional cues theory context similar tendency
• Stereotype results high(warmth high(competence low(competence low(warmth limited information
• Discrimination group behavioral prejudice based stereotypes institutional organization
• Stereotypes cognitive prejudices affective discrimination behavioral
• Social society function action consequences actions  power structure
• Social healthcare patient institutions established structures dictate behavioral
• Culture item artifacts entre lifestyle group symbolic ideas
• Cultural language symbol system barriers differences impede interactions
• Ethnicity race demographic categories/lbgt/prejudice phenotypic differences groups individuals
• Rate people year birth mortality deaths fertility  children
• Movement area migration immigration emigration
• Stage rates society demographic industrial high::birth low::death shifts
• Social change areas movements  reactive resist proactive promote
• Symbolic interactionism symbols things interact communicate conflict theory
• Status social class people share similar ses socioeconomic
• Social class status power anomie lack norms/breakdown ties
• Inequality ties  social capital investments made society economic/collective
• Mobility lifetime social allowing people move higher levels
• Poverty social generation necessities line minimum reproduction concept
• Illnesses population morbidity degree disease prevalence total time 

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