GCSE Biology Paper 1 (9-1 Exams)

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• Mitosis cell produced daughter genetically identical
• Eukaryotic prokaryotic cells parts called subcellular structures
• Cell bacteria dna are prokaryotes has cytoplasm membrane surrounded wall
• Chromosomes long lengths molecule called dna dna coiled form the
• Genes control the development characteristics hair colour eye
• End cell cycle results in two identifcal original number
• Cell cycle consists the cell growth dna replication and mitosis
• Carbon dioxide diffuses plants photosynthesis air spaces leaf
• Small intestine millions nutrients glucose amino acids absorbed
• Reactions large molecules smaller cell lots chemical happening
• Form specialised cells organised tissues organs systems
• Lungs part thorax top body separated lower abdomen
• Leaves are organs
• Stomata water plants gases exchanged easily inside air
• Lifestyle factors impacts locally nationally globally
• Glandular tissue stomach makes digestive juices digest food
• Eukaryotic cells complex include animal plant
• Prokaryotic cells smaller simpler eukaryotic bacteria
• Eukaryotes organisms made eukaryotic cells
• Prokaryotes prokaryotic cell single-celled organism
• Subscellular structures animal cells nuclues cytoplasm membrane mitochondria
• Function nucleus gentic material controls activites cell
• Chemical function cytoplasm gel-like substance reactions happen enzymes
• Cell function membrane holds controls
• Respiration function mitochondria reactions aerobic takes place transfers
• Function ribosomes proteins made cell
• Plant unique cell subcellular structures nuclues cytoplasm membrane
• Cell rigid function wall structure made cellulose supports
• Function permanent vacuole cell sap weak solution sugar
• Function chloroplasts photosynthesis occurs makes food plant green
• Cell subcellular structures bacterial membrane wall cytoplasm circular
• Include drawing specimen microscope pencil sharp lines title
• Microscopy techniques improved developed years technology knowledge
• Light electron difference microscopes higher magnification resolution
• Resolution ability distinguish points higher sharper image
• Light microscopes work lenses form image specimen magniffy
• Electron microscopes work light form image
• Light microscopes individual cells large subscellular structures nuclei
• Electron microscopes things smaller detail internal structure mitochondria
• Slide strip clear glass plastic specimen mounted
• Slide onion add drop water layers epidermal tissue
• Stage objective adjustment slide coarse knob move lens
• Micrometers millimeter how many are
• Formula magnification image size/real size
• Nanometers micrometer how many are
• Specialised cell performs specific function organism
• Diferentiation differentiation process cell specialised job change develop
• Ability animal plant difference differentiate cells diffefrentiate lost
• Cells diferentiated mature animals repairing replacing skin blood
• Sperm cell specialised head function reproduction male dna
• Cells nerve specialised function rapid signalling.  carry electrical
• Muscle cells specialised contract function concentration quickly long
• Cells root hair specialised surface plant absorbing water
• Cells phloem xylem substances specialised form tubes function
• Material genetic formed nuclues stored form chromosomes
• Genetic material instructions grow develop
• Chromosomes human cells body copies organism's mother father". 
• Genes short sections dna control characteristics
• Chromosomes carry large number genes
• Mitosis mitosis cell reproduces splitting form identical offspring
• Mitosis mutlicellular organisms grow develop replace cells damaged
• Cell dna chromosome growth replication cycle dividing spread
• Cell mitosis cycle chromosomes line centre fibres pull
• Stage cell amount total formula work long takes
• Prokaryotic cells divide replicate type simple division called
• Cell circular dna cytoplasm daughter steps process binary
• Conditions needed ensure bacteria divide quickly warm environment
• Amount bacteria decrease cell division conditions unfavourable stop
• Division time average amount takes bacterial cell divide
• Microorganisms cultured lab bacteria grown culture medium carbohydrates
• Culture mediums bacteria nurient broh solution solid agar
• Bacteria grown culture mediums agar plates form visible
• Cultures microorganisms degress schools harmful pathogens disease grow
• Cultures incubated higher temperaures industrial conditions compared school
• Paper agar antibiotic bacteria discs soaked plate zone
• Petri sterilised dish steps needed prepare uncontamined culture
• Petri dishes culure medium sterilised kill unwanted microorganisms
• Lid petri dish lightly taped stop microorganisms air
• Petri dish stored upside stop drops condensation falling
• Cells stem undiferentiated divide produce lots undifferentiated develop
• Stem cells found adults bone marrow
• Stem cells embryonic adult differences differentiate kind turn
• Cells stem grown lab produce clones made differentiate
• Type medical conditions stem cells treat diabetes paralysis
• Stem cells advantage embryonic therapeutic cloning embryo made
• Stem cells risks involved medicine grown lab contaminated
• Human people stem cells research feel embryos experiments
• People voting stem cells research curing patients exist
• Area diffusion spreading particles higher concentration lower
• Dissolved substances move oxygen cell diffusion. 
• Molecules big small diffference process diffusion diffuse cell
• Molecules diffuse cell membrane oxygen glucose amino acids
• Molecules diffuse cell membrane starch proteins
• Rate diffusion affected concentration gradient temperature surface area
• Concentration rate gradient affect diffusion bigger faster net
• Rate temperature affect diffusion higher faster particles energy
• Surface rate area affect diffusion larger faster particles
• Water region osmosis osmosis movement molecules partially permeable
• Water molecules osmosis pass ways membrane osmosis due
• Cell water short osmosis concentrated means solution dilute
• Cell water iff lots osmosis solution inside dilute
• Sugar solutions potato cylinders measure masses steps needed
• Active transport movement particles concentration gradient energy transerred
• Plant roots surface soil adopted exchange substances cells
• Active transport plants absorb mineral ions concentration higher
• Concentration nutrients active transport gut lower higher blood
• Glucose blood active tranposrt gut bloodstream concentration higher
• Plants mineral ions healthy growth
• Cells give examples difffusion substances rid waste products
• Exchange surfaces substances animals blood adapted maximise effectiveness
• Surfaces cell volume exchange needed single-celled organisms gases
• Exchange surfaces needed multicellular organisms small area volume
• Surface alveoli specialised maximise diffusion big area lots
• Surface blood villi specialised maximise diffusion increase digested
• Leaf area surface leaves specialised maximise diffusion flattened
• Water surface lamallae large area gases blood flows
• Contained exchange surface leaf covered holes called stomata
• Gas exchange surface called fish gills
• Gas exchange surface called small intestine villi
• Gas exchange surface called lungs alveoli
• Photosynthesis process produces glucose oxygen plants carbon dioxide
• Making things plant glucose produced photosythesis cell walls
• Photosynthesis endothermic exothermic energy transferred environment process
• Photosynthesis happen takes place chlooroplasts green plant cells
• Epithelial tissue stomach covers inside
• State word equation photosynthesis the
• State symbol equation photosynthesis the
• Product produced photosynthesis food plant glucose
• Role chlorophyll play photosynthesis absorb light
• Parts plant cell chlorophyll chloroplasts
• Making glucose produced photosynthsis respiration cellulose amino acids
• Glucose energy made photosynthsis respiration released breakdown plants
• Glucose make produced photosyntheis cellulose converted strong cell
• Glucose make amino produced photosyntheis acids plant cells
• Stored glucose plants convert lipids fats oils seeds
• Starch stored plants roots stems seeds leaves
• Lipids stored plants seeds in
• Starch glucose storage insoluble makes storing cell lots
• Cell glucose water loads swell lots lower concentration
• Limiting factors photosynthesis temperature level carbon dioxide light
• Light intensity limiting factor night give photosynthesis day
• Temperature limiting factor give photosynthesis winter cold low
• Give level carbon dioxide limiting factor photosynthesis warm
• Chlorophyll limiting factor photosynthesis amount plant affected disease
• Light intensity rate affect photosynthesis level raised increases
• Carbon dioxide level rate does  affect photosynthesis raised
• Rate temperature photosynthesis affect raised increases hot decreases
• Photosynthesis temperature rate limited low enzymes needed work
• Photosynthesis rate limited temperature high enzymes plant reactions
• Meant limiting factor photosynthesis stops happening faster
• Light pondweed photosynthesis tube gas bubble steps needed
• Light intensity independent variable practical
• Dependent variable light intensity practical amount oxygen produced
• Give control variable light intensity practical plant's flask
• Calculate rate photosynthesis light intensity practical total length
• State inverse square law the
• Unit light intensity calculated inverse square law a.u
• Commercial growers maximise plant growth grow large quantities
• Farmer temperature maganed artifically green house greenhouses trap
• Light artifically controlled greenhouses farmers supply artificial sun
• Carbon dioxide paraffin level artifically controlled greenhouses heater
• Plants generally health artifically controlled greenhouses keeping enclosed
• Aspirin found willow where is
• Farmers greenhouse costing lot conditions photosynthesis plants grow
• Greenhouse rate growth benfits growing plants artificial environment
• Factors greenhouses artifically manage temperature light carbon dioxide
• Respiration endothermic exothermic transfers energy environment
• Respiration process transferring energy glucose cell
• Aerobic respiration oxygen efficient transfer energy glucose
• Aerobic respiration happening inside cell structures mitochondria
• Word equation aerobic respiration what
• Symbol equation aerobic respiration what
• List ways oragnisms energy respiration build larger molecules
• Aerobic respiration exothermic reaction transfers energy environment
• Anaerobic respiration oxygen incomplete breakdown glucose making lactic
• Anerobic respiration transfer energy aerobic glucose fully oxidised
• Word equation anerobic respiration muscle cells glucose lactic
• Anaerobic respiration muscle cells exxercise longer
• Oxygen debt amount extra body exercise react build
• Oxygen anerobic respirationary exercise debt breathing hard stop
• Lactic acid muscles removed oxygen debt blood enters
• High carbon body anerobic exericse pulse breathing rate
• Word equation anaerobic respiration plants yeasts
• Anaerobic respiration yeast cells called fermentation
• Fermentation make yeast important economy bread carbon dioxide
• Compare aeroic anerobic respiration factors
• Rate heart breathing breath volume increases oxygen exercise
• Body react exercise muscles contract frequently normal energy
• Rate factors change exercise body breathing breath volume
• Carry long periods exercise muscle fatigue caused tired
• System digestive designed organ breaks food humans mammals
• Heart rate resting level exercising
• Investigate effect exercise breathing heart rate counting breaths
• Heart rate increase intense exercise body oxygen muscles
• Metabolism sum reactions happen cell body
• Molecules made glucose give examples large smaller endothermic
• Broken give examples large molecules smaller exothermic reactions
• Molecule lipid consist glycerol fatty acids
• Formed glucose combines nitrate ions amino acids
• Component urine produced breakdown excess protein urea
• Cells thought basic building blocks make living organisms
• Breathing system needed mammals air lungs oxygen carbon
• Define tissue group similar cells work carry function
• Define organs group tissues work perform function
• Organ define systems group working perform function
• Tissue give examples types found mammals humans muscular
• Muscular tissue contractts move attached
• Glandular tissue makes secretes substances enzymes hormones
• Epithelial tissue covers parts body inside gut
• Tissue stomach organ made muscular galndular epithelial
• Stomach muscular tissue moves wall churn food
• Digestive system exchange materials environment taking nutrients releasing
• Intestine organs digestive system make pancreas salivary gland
• Digestive glands pancreas salivary system produce juices enzymes
• Stomach digestive system food digested
• Liver digestive system produces bile
• Food small intestine digestive system digested soluble molecules
• Large intestine digestive system water absorbed undigested food
• Big long tube food passes including small large
• Function human lungs oxygen air bloodstream cells respiration
• Lungs located thorax the where
• Called takes tubes bronchioles state pathway air breath
• Millions lung air sacs called alveoli surrounded network
• Concentration high diffuses alveolus blood state gases exchanged
• Concentration body cells blood high low state gases
• Number calculate breathing rate breaths minutes
• Alveoli diffuses blood surrounded network capillaries gas exchange
• Body function circulatory system food oxygen cell carries
• Circulatory system sort humans double
• Blood describe pathway circulatory system heart lungs ventricle
• Heart body blood describe pathway circulatory system rest
• Walls heart made muscle tissue contracts pump blood
• Function valves heart make blood direction prevent flowing
• Oxygenated arteries heart supply blood called coronary branch
• Heart coronary arteries blocked starved oxygen potentially leading
• Identify white blood cell what
• Blood atria flows pulmonary contract ventricles state pathway
• Controlled cells resting heart rate group atrium wall
• Pacemaker condition artificial control heartbeart natural work properly
• Artificial pacemaker work device implanted skin wire heart
• Atrium left chambers heart ventricle
• Blood vessels carry heart vena cava pulmonary vein
• Blood vessels carry heart aorta pulmonary artery
• Artery walls strong elastic heart pumps blood high
• Thick walls describe structure artery compared lumen layers
• Arteries thick layers muscle make strong
• Arteries elastic fibres stretch spring back
• Blood function arteries vessels carry heart organs
• Type blood vessel walls cell thick capillaries
• Identify platelets what this is
• Exchange functions capillaries involved materials tissues carry blood
• Walls capillaries cell thick increases rate diffusion decreasing
• Capillaries narrow large surface area compared volume increases
• Capillaries permeable walls substances exchanged cells diffuse
• Diffusion increases rate capillaries adapted permeable walls substances
• Function vein carry blood heart
• Blood veins lower walls describe structure pressured thick
• Blood calculate rate flow volume number minutes
• Blood tissue red cells white platelets suspended liquid
• Function blood transport substances body
• Function red blood cells transport oxygen body
• Oxygen carry structure red blood cells adapted biconcave
• Identify red blood cells what
• Oxygen cells red blood haemoglobin transport lungs body
• Function white blood cells defend microorganisms disease
• Microorganisms produce white blood cells defend microorgaism engulf
• Blood cells red white nuclues
• Platelets nuclues do have a
• Wound blood stops functions platelets clot seals losing
• Lack platelets blood excessive bleeding bruising
• Plasma pale straw-coloured liquid carries blood
• Platelets small fragments cells are
• Red pigment found blood cells role haemoglobin;it carries
• Cells white blood plasma carry red platelets nutrients
• Give examples organs plants stems roots leaves
• Tissue mesophyll give examples plants epidermal palisade spongy
• Epidermal tissue plants covers the
• Palisade mesophyll tissue plants part leaf photosythesis
• Spongy mesophyll tissue plants leaf big air spaces
• Thexylem phloem tissue plants transport things water mineral
• Plant meristem tissue found growing tips shoots roots
• Structures epidermal tissues  adapted perform function covered waxy
• Structures of  upper epidermis  adapted perform function transparent
• Structure palisade layer  adapted perform function lots chloroplasts
• Structure xylem phloem  adapted perform function form network
• Stomata tissues leaves adapted efficient gas exchange lower
• Plant meristem tissue found growing tips shoots roots
• Phloem function tubes transport food substances made leaves
• Area plant phloem tubes transport substances leaves
• Sturcture phloem tubes adapted made columns cells small
• Cell sap cepp liquid made substances transported water
• Direction phloem tubes transport leaves roots
• Process phloem translocation the what
• End xylem tubes structured function made dead cells
• Xylem tubes strengthened material called lignin
• Xylem tubes carry water mineral direction ions plant
• Process movement water roots xylem leaves transpiration stream
• Transpiration stream movement water roots xylem leaves
• Roots translocation transport food leaves
• Function xylem tubes carry water mineral ions plant
• Transpiration loss water plant what
• Transpiration stream movement water plant roots leaves
• Water transpiration roots plant leaf drawn describe process
• Factors affect transpiration rate light intensity temperature air
• Effect increasing light intensity rate transpiration brighter greater
• Effect temperature rate transpiration warmer faster
• Air flow effect rate transpiration leaf greater
• Effect humidity rate transpiration drier air leaf faster
• Stomata transpiration low dark photosythesis happen begin close
• Transpiration faster warm conditions water particles energy evaporate
• Leaf water transpiration rate low poor airflow air
• Good air water concentration area transpiration rate high
• Humid transpiration rate low climates air lot water
• High dry area transpiration rate climates air water
• Transpiration uptake water record air bubble set investigation
• Calculate rate transpiration distance time
• Guard cells plant lots water fill plump turgid
• Guard cells water plant short lose flaccid making
• Water walls stomata surface guard cells adapted gas
• Function guard cells control size stomata adapted gas
• Potometer measure uptake water plant
• Stomata put leaf slide estimate total number field
• Health healthy state physical metal social wellbeing
• Diseases types communicable non-communicable what
• Person communicable diseases spread animals
• Non-communicable diseases spread people animals
• Give examples communicable diseases measles malaria
• Give examples non-communicable diseases asthma cancer coronary heart
• Communicable diseases caused bacteria viruses parasites fungi
• Enzyme denatured shape enzyme's site substrate fit
• Health diseases physical mental issues problems immune suffering
• Diet health stress diseases factors affect good balanced
• Cardiovascular disease describe heart blood vessels
• Heart coronary disease cuases arteries narrow blood flow
• Heart coronary disease artieris supply blood muscle blocked
• Artifical ways treat cardiovascular diseases stents statins hearts
• Heart stents wire mesh tubes inserted inside arteries
• Stents people coronary heart disease
• Heart time advantages stents lower risk attack people
• Risk disadvantages stents complications operation e.g heart attack
• Cholesterol statins drugs reduce amount ldl bad present
• Cholesterol essential liquid body produces function properly
• Ldl cholesterol deposits bloodstream solve faftty form inside
• Cholesterol heart hdl advantages statins reduce risk strokes
• Disadvantages statins long-term drug regularly people forget negative
• Person heart fix artificial mechanical devices pump blood
• Advantages artifical heart rejected body's immune system donar
• Heart artificial lead disadvantages artifical surgery fit bleeding
• Artifical heart rejected body's immune system made metals
• Hearts blood artifical lead clots strokes flow artificial
• Valve ways valves heart damaged damage tissue stiffen
• Valves severe damage heart replacing biological humans mammals
• Heart advantage replacement valves drastic procedure transplant
• Disadvantage replacement heart valvaes major surgeory problems blood
• Cells blood formed hematopoiesis made the bone marrow spongy
• Blood artificial substitue e.g salt solution replace lost
• Blood cells advantage artifical saffe people alive lose
• Risk factors things linked increase likelihood person develop
• Aspects risk factors relate lifestyle presence substances body
• Directly smoking lung disease cancer baby give risk
• Liver damage disease drink alcohol breaks alochol reaction
• High cardiovascular correlation netween lack exercise fat diet
• Cost big non-communicable diseases human financial
• People life human cost non-communicable disease tens miollions
• Cost work income financial non-communicable disease health services
• Carcinogen things cancer what is
• Optimum ph level enzymes work ta
• Incidence give lifestyle risk ffactors affect non-communicable diseases
• Cancer cuased occur cells grow divide control
• Tumour growth abnormal cells/cancer cells
• Tumours types beign malignant what
• Benign tumours stays place invading tissues body dangerous
• Malignant tumours grows spreads neighbouring healthy tissues dangerous
• Cells malignant body travel break spread parts travelling
• Lifestyle risk factors cancer smoking obesity uv exposure
• Cancer smoking lung mouth bowel stomach cervical
• Cancer obesity bowel liver kidney
• Uv cancer exposure people exposed radiation sun increased
• Viruses increase developing hepatitis infection shown chances cancer
• Cancer genes give genetic risk factor inherit faulty
• Beign tumours cancerous are no
• Malignant tumours spread healthy cells body describe characteristics
• Catalyst substance increases speed reaction changed
• Enzymes proteins chains functions characteristics living things produce
• Enzymes biological catalysts increase speed biuological reaction changed
• Part enzyme binds substrate active site
• Active site unique shape fits substance involved reaction
• Happen enzyme work substrate fit active site unique
• Model descirbing enzyme actins lock key induced fit
• Lock key model lack reality active site shape
• Optimum conditions enzymes work what
• Optimum temperature eynzymes active enzymes human body work
• Rate reaction increase increasing temperature reactants energy move
• Enzyme temperature affect activity higher temperture increases rate
• Ph enzyme affect action high low interfers bonds
• Pepsin stomach optimum ph ph2 enzyme break proteins
• Enzyme amylase catalyses breakdown starch maltose
• Iodine solution detect presence starch present change browny-orange
• Solution ph boiling cm starch tube put drop
• Time formula calculate rate reaction amount changed unit
• System digestive organ breaks food nutrients absorbed body
• Digestion ways food broken mechanical chemical
• Mechanical digestion includes teeth grinding food stomach churning
• Chemical digestion enzymes break food
• Produced released gut digestive enzymes specialised cells glands
• Digestive big molecules pass walls starch proteins lipids
• Made body products digestion make carbohydrates proteins lipids
• Digestive enzymes learn gcse carbohydrases proteases lipases
• Carbohydrases convert carbohydrates simple sugars amylase
• Break amylase starch maltose sugars
• Made amylase salivary glands pancreas small intestine
• Amylase work mouth small intestine
• Enzymes proteases digestive catalyse conversion proteins amino acids
• Made proteases stomach pancreas small intestine
• Work proteases stomach small intestine
• Enzymes lipases digestive catalyse conversion lipids glycerol fatty
• Lipases produced pancreas small intestine
• Work lipases small intestine where
• Bile produced liver is where
• Hiv cured controlled antiretroviral drugs stop virus replicating
• Stored bile gall bladder released small intestine
• Bile alkaline work emulsifies fat function neutralises stomach
• Enzymes work stomach acid small intestine properly bile
• Food give filter detailed steps prepare sample piece
• Test sugars benedict's the what
• Test starch iodine the what
• Test proteins biuret the what
• Test lipids sudan iii the
• Test sugars benedict reducing food
• Iodine test check food samples presence starch
• Biuret test type food protein
• Test sudan iii presence lipids food
• Test tube benedict's prepare sample water bath solution
• Sample iodine tube solution list steps detail carry
• Sample solution biuret food cm list steps detail
• Sudan iii sample food test tube stain solution
• Describe colour change occur iodine test starch present
• Describe colour change occur benedict's test  sugar  present
• Describe colour change occur biuret test  protein  present
• Lipids present caryring sudan iii test?  separate red
• Pathogens microorganism enter body infectious diseases plants animals
• Types pathogens bacteria viruses protists fungi
• Bacteria disease reproduce rapidly inside body make feel
• Cells viruses bacteria differences small produce toxins damage
• Viruses feel cell make people ill live inside
• Type cell protists eukaroyes single-celled
• Parasites transfer communicable disease live inside organisms damage
• Cell type fungi single-celled body made hyphae thread-like
• Spread hyphae fungi communicable diseases body made grow
• Ways pathogen spread water air direct contact
• Water give pathogens spreaded cholera bacterial infection spread
• Air give pathogens spreaded influenza virus flu spread
• Give pathogens spreaded direct contact athelete's foot fungus
• Give examples viral diseases measles hiv tobacco mosaic
• Disease sort measles viral what
• Disease sort hiv viral what
• Disease sort tobacco mosaic virus viral
• Disease sort rose black spot fungal
• Disease sort salmonella bacterial what
• Disease sort gonorrhoea bacterial what
• Measles spread droplets infected person's sneeze cough
• Symptoms measles develop red skin rash signs fever
• Spread hiv virus sexual contact exchanging bodily fluids
• Symptoms hiv initially cuaes flu-like weeks person experience
• Immune system person's badly-damaged hiv body's badly damaged
• Virus tobacco mosaic affect species plants
• Leaves syptoms tmv mosaic pattern plants parts discoloured
• Rose black leaves symptoms spot purple develop plants
• Rose black leaves infected spot affects growth plant
• Rose black spot spread environment water wind
• Rose black spot treated gardeners funicides strip plant
• Part malarial protist's life cycle place inside mosquito
• Protist malaria spread mosquitos vectors pick malarial feed
• The  symptoms malaria repeating episodes fever fatal
• Spread breeding mosquito malaria controlled reduced stopping breed
• Black describe signs suggest plant infected spot fungus
• Mosquito nets areas high risk malaria prevent people
• Give types bacterial disease salmonella food poisoning gonorrhoea
• Salmonella type bacteria food poisoning
• Symptoms salmonella caused infected people suffer fever stomach
• Food eating give examples salmonella poisoning spread chicken
• Salmonella poultry vaccination controlled chickens prevents catching disease
• Gonorrhoea sexually transmitted disease std
• Does  gornorrhoe spread passed sexual contact unprotected sex
• Symptoms gonorrhoea person pain urinate thick green discharge
• Gonorrhoea easily treated penicillin anymore strains bacteria resistant
• Spread gonorrhoea controlled treated anitbiotics penicillin barrier methods
• Ways reduce prevent spread disease hygienic destroying vectors
• Hygienic prevent spread disease things washing hands preparing
• Destroying spread disease vectors  prevent vectors humans passed
• Isolating infected individuals  prevent spread disease isolate communicable
•  vaccination  prevent spread disease vaccinating people animals means
• Vectors give destryoing prevent spread disease insects killed
• Spread prevent disease give isolating infected individuals  ebola
• Give ivaccination  prevent spread disease children vaccinated common
• Steps fighting disease humans body's defences immune system
• Give examples non-specific defence systems body skin hair
• Pathogens give ways skin helpes defend body disease
• Give hair mucus  defend body disease trap particles
• Mucus give ways trachea bronchi  defend body disease
• Give stomach  defend body disease stomach produces hydrochloric
• Producing lines attack white blood cells invading microbe
• Important part immune system white blood cells
• Blood white cells travel crawl part constantly patrolling
• Cells phagocytosis white blood engulf foreign digest
• Cells white blood consume microbes step immune system
• Role antitoxins conteract toxins produced invading bacteria
• White blood cells called produce antibodies b-lymphocytes
• Antibodies cells invading called white blood produced pathogen
• Antibodies produced the  white blood cells special specific
• Person pathogen infected white blood cells rapidly produce
• Person naturally immune disease means white blood cells
• Vaccinations pathogens white blood antibodies work involve injecting
• Pros vaccinations helped control lots infectious diseases common
• Cons  of vaccinations vaccines work give immunity bad
• Relieve painkillers drugs pain symptoms disease kill pathogens
• Kill antibiotics bacteria causing problem killing body cells
• Drugs viruses hard produce kill reproduce body cells
• Painkillers antibiotics kill differences pathogens relieve symptoms disease
• Antibiotics development shown modern medicine greatly reduced number
• Resistant give antiobiotic disease mrsa methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
• Resistant antibiotics bacteria problem mutate mutations inidividual survive
• Slow development antibiotic resistance doctors avoid over-prescribing
• Found digitalis foxgloves where is
• Drugs treat disease extracted plants microrganisms examples digitalis
• Chemicals plants treat disease produce variety deend pets
• Drug found willow aspirin what
• Drug found foxgloves digitalis what
• Aspirin painkiller lower fevr is
• Digitalis treat heart conditions is
• Give drug extracted microorganisms penicillin
• Bacteria petri dishes mould penicillin discovered alexander fleming
• Medicinal drugs tested public make safe effective
• Testing preclinical human main stages drug cells tissues
• Animal cells tissues testing drug blood pressure intact
• Drugs tested describe process preclinical testing human cells
• Efficacy drug works produces effect
• Toxxicity harmful drug is what
• Dosage concentration should be what
• Humans animals evaluate preclinical trials live people cruel
• Tested dose drugs side effects describe process clinical
• Drug placebo substance tested added
• Patients placebos doctor actual difference durg makes effect
• Blind trials patient study drug placebo
• Are  double-blind trails patient doctor placebo drug results
• Carry double-blind trials doctors monitoring patients analysing results
• Drug morning sickness babies give throughly tested thalidomide
• Monoclonal antibodies made produced lots clone single white
• Special monoclonal antibodies identical target specific protein antigen
• Cells tumour hybridoma antibodies describe process producing monoclonal
• Monoclonal antibodies bind molecule means target specific cell
• Give ways monoclonal antibodies pregnancy test treating diseases
• Found urine pregnant women hormone called hcg
• Pregnancy test strip made how
• Pregnancy stick pregnant what happens
• Pregnancy stick pregnant what happens
• Control window show pregnancy test worked
• Antigens cancer cells membranes found normal body tumour
• Disease treated monoclonal antibodies cancer
• Antibodies cells drug tumour monoclonal bind markers cancer
• Blood monoclonal antibodies labs bind hormones chemicals measure
• Monoclonal antibodies give examples labs technique elisa test
• Antibodies monoclonal molecules specific dye describe process locate
• Monoclonal cells advantages anitbodies cancer treatment antibodies target
• Problems monoclonal antibodies side effects expected fever vomiting
• Types plant disease ion deficiency infection pathogens
• Deficiency types deiciency diseases plants nitrate magnesium
• Growth symptoms nitrate deficiency stunted needed make proteins
• Magnesium chlorophyll needed symptoms deficiency plants suffer chlorosis
• Infested pathogens plants damaged insects pests alphids
• Aphids insect huge damage plants
• Leaves common signs detect plant diseases stunted growth
• Identify plant gardening pathogen diseases signs manual website
• Barrier pathogens physical plant stems waxy cuticle stop
• Plants produce chemical defences pathogens antibacterial kill bacteria
• Plants eating organisms mechanical defences pathogens adapted thorns
• Eggs give plant mimic organism prevent eaten passion
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